Structures E3/S3

Moment Distribution
Frames with sloping members

Jinyan Wang

Frames with sloping

members
Moment distribution solution
1) No sway introduce a PROP at the level of the beam to prevent
sway
2) Sway correction the actual loading is removed and an arbitrary
swaying force is applied at the level of the beam, which is
subsequently adjusted to eliminate the PROP force

PROP
3

1
a

4
b

PROP
2

No sway

Sway

Frames with sloping

members

1) No sway
a) Prop applied at the level of the beam to prevent sway
b) FEMs obtained for members carrying loads
c) Distribution factors obtained as usual
d) Carry out moment distribution
e) Calculate horizontal reactions at joints 1 and 4
f) Find the value of the PROP force using horizontal
equilibrium
W

PROP

q
3

2
1

H1
a

4
b

H4

Frames with sloping

members

1) No sway
e) Calculate horizontal reactions at joints 1 and 4
f) Find the value of the PROP force
PROP

Prop force H1 H 4
=

2
1

H1
L1

4
L2

2
M 21
M 12
H1
1
M2 =0
M 12 M 21 H1h 0

V3

H4
M 23

M 32

V3
M2 =0
M 23 M 32 M W M q V3 L1 0

M 34
M 43

H4

V4
M3 =0
M 34 M 43 V4 L2 H 4 h 0

Frames with sloping

members

2) Arbitrary sway
a) Arbitrary sway moments are obtained due to lateral
displacement of the top beam (say )

2 2

3
32

1
L1

O3

O2

2
LA
32
FEM 23 FEM 32 6 EI B 2
LB

FEM 34 FEM 43 6 EI C 342

LC

FEM 12 FEM 21 6 EI A

34

L2

WS

34

O3
32 34 cos
cos
O2

34
O 2 O3

Note: for pinned ended member the

moment is given by 3EI / L2

Frames with sloping

members

2) Arbitrary Sway
a) Arbitrary sway moments are obtained due to lateral displacement
of the top beam (say )
b) Complete the Sway distribution table
c) Sway force, WS, found in the same manner as the prop force

Frames with sloping

members

Final moments
= results from non-sway distribution + results from the arbitrary sway
distribution sway correction factor

Note: the sign of correction factor depends

on the direction of both prop and sway forces.
If both are in the same direction then the
correction factor will be negative

PROP
3

1
a

4
b

WS

No sway

Prop force
WS

Arbitrary sway

Example
iA

0.75kN/m

I 4

3
C

16m

25m

I 4

I 2.5

2. 5 1
4 1
4 1
, iB
, ic

25 10
20 5
20 5

Distribution factors
1
4

K
1
10

D21 21
Joint 2
K2 4 1 4 1 3
10

12m

20m

D23

FEM 23 FEM 32

0.75 202

25kNm
12

1
5

K 23
2

K 21 K 23 4 1 4 1 3
10

Fixed end moments

qL2

12

Joint 3

1
5

K 32
0.5
D32

1
1
K3 4 4
5

D34

K 34
0.5
K3

Example
2

Temporary
prop

Moment distribution propped

0.75kN/m
B

2
1/3

Fixed end moments

First
distribution
Carry over
moments
Second
distribution
Carry over
moments
Third
distribution
Carry over
moments
Fourth
distribution
Carry over
moments
Fifth distribution
Carry over
moments
Total moment

8.33
4.17

4
3

2/3

0.5

-25

25

16.67

-12.5

-6.25
4.17

8.34
-4.17

-2.09

2.09

0.70

1.39

-1.04
0.70

0.17

-0.52
0.35

-0.35

-0.18

0.18

0.12

-0.09

2.08
1.04
0.35
0.09
0.06
0.03

5.65

1
Distribution factor

-0.05

11.34

-11.34

4
0.5
0
-12.5
-6.25
-4.17
-2.09
-1.05
-0.53
-0.35
-0.18
-0.09
-0.05

0.06

18.16

-18.16

Example
Prop force

1
5.65

Prop moment

0.75kN/m

3
B

H1

20m

11.34

16m

25m

Pro
p

4
12m

2
11.34

-11.34

18.16

4
-18.16

9.05

Prop force H1 H 4 0.68 7.58 6.90kN

=
V3 7.84kN
18.16
H4
0.75kN/m
3
18.16
11.34
2
3
H4
9.05
4
V
3

0.75 20 18.16 11.34

2
20
7.5 0.34 7.84kN

V3

5.65
1

11.34 5.65
H1
0.68kN
25

V4 7.84kN

H 4 16 7.84 12 9.05 18.16

H 4 7.58kN

Example
6 EI
2.5
2.5

L2
252
252
3
4
6 EI
4 6 3
FEM 23 FEM 32 2 6
L
20 2
20 2
5
4
6 EI
4 6 5
FEM 34 FEM 43 2 6
L
20 2
20 2
FEM 12 FEM 21

4
20
3

2 2

I 4

32

34

I 4

I 2.5

5
20
3

16m

Arbitrary sway

4
20m

12m

4
20
3

34
5
20
3

5
34
4

5
12 3
32 34 cos
4
20 4

Example
Arbitrary sway

6 200 100

6 EI
2.5 2.5

200 100 80kNm

2
2
2
L
25
25
6 EI
3
3
FEM 23 FEM 32 2 6 2 2 200 100 150kNm
L
20
20

FEM 12 FEM 21

FEM 34 FEM 43

5
6 EI
5

200 100 250kNm

2
2
2
L
20 20

Example
Moment distribution - arbitrary
sway
Distribution factor
Fixed end moments
First
distribution
Carry over
moments
Second
distribution
Carry over
moments
Third
distribution
Carry over
moments
Fourth
distribution
Carry over
moments
Fifth distribution
Carry over
moments
Total moment

1/3
80

80
23.33

11.67

2/3
-150

-25
8.33

4.17
1.95
0.98

0.16
0.08

97.17

0.5

-150

250

25
0
-25

-11.67 -11.67

16.67
-5.84

8.34

3.89

-4.17

-2.09

1.95
-0.98

-0.49
0.33

0.70

-0.18

0.17

114.47 -

-50

23.34

0.704 0.39
0.35

0.5

-50

46.67

-0.35

5.84
-4.17
2.09
-0.97

-0.35

0.49
-0.18

182.84

216.5
8

Example

Sway
force

25m

2 EI 8
EI 5

H1

20m

2
114.47

114.47

114.47

182.84

4
182.84

Sway force H1 H 4 8.47 36.12 44.59kN

=

216.5
8

V3 14.87kN

3
C

EI 8

182.84
3

4 H4

216.58 4

12m

114.47

16m

Sway force

Sway
moment

1
97.17

182.84
3

V3
114 .47 182.84
V3
14.87 kN
97.17
20
114.47 97.17
H1
8.47kN
1
25

H 4 36.12kN

V4 14.87kN
H 4 16 14.87 12
182.84 216.58

Example
Correction factor
3
B

16m

25m

Arbitrary
sway

1
20m

3
C

12m

Prop force 6.9kN

Correction
factor =

16m

0.75kN/m

prop

20m

Sway
force

Prop force
6.90

0.15
Sway force 44.59

12m

44.59kN

Example
Moment - Propped
Moment propped

1
5.65

2
11.34

3
-11.34

4
-18.16

18.16

9.05

Moment Arbitrary sway

Moment Arbitrary
sway

1
97.17

2
114.47

Correction factor =
0.15

3
114.47

182.84
182.84

1
5.65

11.34

-11.34

18.16

0.15 Moment Arbitrary

sway
Moment Corrected

97.17

114.47

14.58

17.17

114.47
-17.17

182.84
182.84
-27.43 27.43

Final Moment

20.23

28.51

-28.51

-9.27

Moment Propped

4
216.8
5

4
-18.16

9.27

9.05
216.8
532.4
9
23.4
4

Example
0.75 202
37.5
8

0.75kN/m

3
B

16m

2
A

28.51

9.27

1
20m

12m

23.44
20.23

Final moment

1
20.23

2
28.51 -28.51

(kNm
)

3
-9.27

9.27

4
23.4
4

Frames with sloping

members

Any questions?