TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

OUTSIDE IITB
TEAM 01
Aniket
Ashwin
Dinesh
Gaurav
Manoj
Monimoy
Vikas

CONTENTS
NEED STATEMENT
STAKEHOLDERS
CONOPS & REQUIREMENTS
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
CONCEPTS & SELECTION
QFD
PRTOTYPE
LIMITATIONS
REFERENCES

NEED STATEMENT
To design a system that helps to manage the
Vehicle and Pedestrian traffic at the Main Gate
and Y-Point Gate Signals more efficiently than
the existing situation, supposing that it is affected
only by the traffic in between the Gandhinagar
(near Kanjurmarg) signal and Pizza Hut Signal
(Hiranandani,Powai) and from within IIT-B along
with the roads opposite IIT-B Main Gate.

STAKEHOLDERS
ACTIVE
Vehicle Travellers
Pedestrians
Traffic Police
Power suppliers to
Signals
Signal Maintenance
Department
Traffic operations
Agency
RTO Department of
Government

PASSIVE
Shop Owners (Vendors)
Investors
(Private/Government)
Suppliers of equipments
(including Software)
People involved in
Installing the Systems
Public Safety
Daily Weather

CONOPS &
REQUIREMENTS
Vehicles crossing the Signal when it is Red for them and

Pedestrians are unable to cross the road.

Pedestrians crossing between vehicles on the road during a Green
Signal for vehicles
Need to ensure that system makes vehicles and pedestrians follow
the signals
Many vehicles get blocked due to some vehicle which breaks down since they

run out of fuel, or for any other reason.

Maintain an uninterrupted flow in the traffic which is not disturbed because of
some vehicle(s).

Signals dont work because of lack of power supply

Ensure that signals function properly always and failures, if any are

compensated at the earliest

Road mishaps or accidents that may occur, between vehicles or a

vehicle and a pedestrian

CONOPS &
REQUIREMENTS
During heavy rainfall or a foggy weather, the signal lights are not

visible from a distance.

People should be able to see their signals irrespective of the
weather.
People (pedestrians and vehicles) who are waiting for green signal
do not know how long they have to wait.
After shutting down the engines during a Red signal, some vehicles
may not restart in time causing traffic delay.
People need to be aware of their waiting time.

FUNCTIONAL
DECOMPOSITION

FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS/SPECIFICATIONS
Clearance of Victims from the
Accident spot to Hospital within 30
minutes after the incident
Signal be visible upto 100 m irrespective
of the weather
Sustainability for a day in case of power
loss
24 X 7 surveillance of all incidents
happening in the roads

FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS/SPECIFICATIONS
Intelligent way to manage the time-delay
Reports of accidents, failures, breakdowns
should be correct without erroneous
results
Density measurements need to be very
accurate
Minimum and Maximum time gap must be
allotted for different scenarios

FUNCTIONAL
REQUIREMENTS/SPECIFICATIONS
Clear way to inform the waiting time in
seconds
Adjustable system in case of a high priority
vehicle
Efficient way of allotting paths at the signal
to avoid intersection of vehicles/pedestrians
Coordinate the signals of Main gate & YPoint gate

CONCEPT GENERATION AND

SELECTION

Measure the density of vehicles

A. Inductive Loop

B. Pneumatic Road tubes

Measure the density of vehicles

C. Cell
Phone Based
(Triangulation)

D. Bluetooth Based
E. Video/Image Processing

Measure the density of vehicles

F. GPS based

Measure the density of vehicles(Selection)

Selection
Criteria

Concepts
A
R

B
R

D
S

E
S

Weight

Ease of
Installation

1 0.2

0.2

0.2

0.8

0.2 20

Accuracy

3 0.3
2 0.8

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.8

0.4

1.6

0.3 10
0.4 40

1 0.1
3 0.3

0.1

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.4 10
0.2 10

4 0.4

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.4 10

2.1

2.0

1.9

3.4

Cost
Repairable
Response
Time
All weather
functioning
Score
Rank

1.9
4

Concept Selected: Video/Image Processing

Signal : Power cut Independent

A. Manual control
B. Battery-Powered Backup

Signal : Power cut Independent

C. Solar-Powered Backup

D. Gas-Powered Backup

Signal : Power cut Independent

(Selection)
Selection
Criteria

Concepts
A
R

B
R

C
S

D
S

Weight

Ease of
Installation

4 0.4

0.2

0.2

0.3

10

Cost

2 0.7
1 0.1
5

0.35

0.35

0.7

35

0.6

0.45

0.3

15

1 0.2
3 0.3

0.8

0.8

0.4

20

0.2

0.2

0.2

10

3 0.3
1.6
5

0.2

0.2

0.2

10

Effectivenes
s
Practicality
Replace
ability
Repairable
Score
Rank

2.15
1

2.0
3

2.1
2

Signal : Power cut Independent(Selected)

B and D are totally different methods
and cant be combined
However, combining B and C can
assure for longer duration at lower cost

Signal : Color Blind Friendly Signals

A. Enforce rule to memorize the order of

signals
B. Universal sight light

Signal : Color Blind Friendly Signals

C. Ochiai traffic light

D. Use both shape and sign

Signal : Color Blind Friendly Signals

(Selection)
Selection
Criteria

Concepts
A
R

Simplicity
Reliability
Score
Rank

2 0.6
3 2.1
2.7
4

B
R

C
S

D
S

Weight

1.2

0.9

1.2

30

2.1

2.8

2.8

70

3..3
3

3.7
2

4.0
1

Concept Selected: Use both shape and

Sign

Signal : Waiting time display

A. Hour glass type signal

B. Eko Traffic Lights

C. Both in one

Signal : Waiting time display

D. Digital countdown

E. Mobius strip
lamp

Signal : Waiting time display (Solution)

Selection
Criteria

Concepts
A

Weight

Cost

0.6

0.9

0.9

0.9

30

Simplicity

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.8

20

Effectivenes
s

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.6

20

Replace
ability

3 0.45

0.45

0.3

0.45

15

Multipurpose

3 0.45

0.45

0.45

0.3

15

2.8

2.65

3.05

Score
Rank

2.7
3

Concept Selected: Digital countdown

Algorithm for working

of Signals

Main gate
signals

YP gate signals

Algorithm for Signals

Signals work in iterations
Every iteration at both Main gate and YP gate

is divided into 2 time periods

1.Main road vehicles are active
2.Main road vehicles are passive

Main Gate
Algorithm

Main Road Vehicles are ACTIVE

Main road vehicles are PASSIVE

Main gate vehicles CROSSING the main road

SIDE LANE vehicles CROSSING the main road

CENTRAL LANE vehicles CROSSING the main road

CENTRAL LANE vehicles CROSSING the main road

Pedestrians and Central lane vehicles get a signal

simultaneously.
There is a zebra crossing to ensure the safety of
pedestrians.
Central lane is wide enough only for one heavy vehicle
or two lighter ones to wait at a time .
Only the vehicles from the main road which intend to
take a right turn and cross the main road are allowed
to use the lane.

YP GATE ALGORITHM

Main road vehicles are

ACTIVE

Main road vehicles are

PASSIVE

Central lane vehicles CROSSING the main road

Central lane vehicles CROSSING the main road

Pedestrians and Central lane vehicles get a
signal
simultaneously.
There is a zebra crossing to ensure the safety
of
pedestrians.
Central lane is wide enough only for one heavy
vehicle or two lighter ones to wait at a time .
Only the vehicles from the main road which
intend to take a right turn and cross the main
road are allowed to use the lane.

Vehicles from YP gate CROSSING the main road

LLOTMENT OF SIGNAL TIME FOR

FFERENT SLOTS IN AN ITERATION

ALLOTMENT OF SIGNAL TIME FOR DIFFERENT SLOTS

IN AN ITERATION
Allotment of signal time for different slots in every iteration and total time for
an
iteration is not same all the time but is varied on the basis of density of the
vehicles in different slots
By different slots we mean the different scenarios classified in an iteration
earlier
Density of vehicles in different slots is calculated for every 10 min and the
signal
as well as iteration times are varied accordingly
The implementation of changes derived from density check will be done
from the
very next iteration

SOME INFO

NSITY OF VEHICLES: It is the number of vehicles per unit distance of the road

ER THRESHOLD SCENARIO: It is the scenario when the density of vehicles of a slot

goes above a particular value thereby creating
congestion
AT MAIN GATE:

in road
: 1.5 vehicles/meter
e lanes
: 10 vehicles waiting
ntral lanes
: 20vehicles waiting(considering both)
ain gate road : 20 vehicles waiting
AT YP GATE:

ain road :
entral road :
P gate road :

1.5 vehicles/meter
10 vehicles waiting
15 vehicles waiting

SOME INFO
LOWER THRESHOLD SCENARIO : It
is the scenario when the density of
vehicles of a slot goes below a
particular value thereby creating
congestion
AT MAIN GATE:
Main road

ALLOTMENT LOGIC
AT MAIN GATE:

The amount of time for different slots in an iteration for a normal scenario is
Green signal for the main road vehicles=90 sec
Red signal for main road vehicles

= 60 sec

Green signal for the main gate vehicles = 20sec

Green signal for side lane road vehicles=15sec
Green signal for central lane vehicles
and pedestrians to cross

=25 sec

ALLOTMENT LOGIC

N GATE:

ime increment given to signals of different slots in case of

threshold scenario

signal for the main road vehicles

signal for the main gate vehicles
signal for side lane road vehicles
signal for central lane vehicles
pedestrians to cross

=
=
=
=

Increment
25sec
10sec
10sec
10 sec

ALLOTMENT LOGIC

ATE:

decrement given to signals of different slots in case of

hold scenario

al for the main road vehicles

al for the main gate vehicles
al for side lane road vehicles
al for central lane vehicles
strians to cross

=
=
=
=

Decrement
20 sec
5sec
5sec
5sec

fi
70
15
10
2

ALLOTMENT LOGIC
AT MAIN GATE: HOW ARE WE MANAGING THE INCREMENT AND
DECREMENT IN TIME??
In case of high threshold scenario, mentioned amount of time is deducted
from
remaining slots and is used to support the case.
This deduction is made only from the slots in which the density is below
the
lower threshold.
If the increment time is not being supported by the decrement time the
difference is reflected in the increased iteration time
The extra time deducted reflects in reduced iteration time there by
decreasing
the waiting time of vehicles and pedestrians

ALLOTMENT LOGIC
AT YP GATE:

The amount of time for different slots in an iteration for a normal scenario is
Green signal for the main road vehicles=90 sec
Red signal for main road vehicles

= 40 sec

Green signal for the YP gate vehicles

= 15sec

Green signal for central lane vehicles

and pedestrians to cross

= 25 sec

ALLOTMENT LOGIC
AT YP GATE:

The amount of time increment for different slots in an iteration for an upper threshold
scenario is
Increment
Final time
Green signal for the main road vehicles=
25sec
Green signal for the YP gate vehicles = 10sec
Green signal for central lane vehicles = 10 sec
and pedestrians to cross

115 sec
25sec
35sec

ALLOTMENT LOGIC
AT YP GATE:

The amount of time decrement for different slots in an iteration for an lower threshold
scenario is
Decrement
Final time
Green signal for the main road vehicles=
20sec
Green signal for the YP gate vehicles = 5sec
Green signal for central lane vehicles = 5 sec
and pedestrians to cross

115 sec
10sec
20sec

ALLOTMENT LOGIC
AT YP GATE: HOW ARE WE MANAGING THE INCREMENT AND
DECREMENT IN TIME??
In case of high threshold scenario, mentioned amount of time is deducted
from
remaining slots and is used to support the case.
This deduction is made only from the slots in which the density is below the
lower threshold.
If the increment time is not being supported by the decrement time the
difference
is reflected in the increased iteration time
The extra time deducted reflects in reduced iteration time there by
decreasing
the waiting time of vehicles and pedestrians

ALLOTMENT LOGIC
AT YP GATE: HOW ARE WE MANAGING THE INCREMENT AND
DECREMENT IN TIME??
In case of high threshold scenario, mentioned amount of time is deducted
from
remaining slots and is used to support the case.
This deduction is made only from the slots in which the density is below the
lower threshold.
If the increment time is not being supported by the decrement time the
difference
is reflected in the increased iteration time
The extra time deducted reflects in reduced iteration time there by
decreasing
the waiting time of vehicles and pedestrians

QFD
Whats?(Customer Requirements)
Visibility for all weather
Waiting time awareness
Avoid overcrowding
Surveillance on rule breakers
Maintain uninterrupted traffic flow
Signal failures are minimized
Minimize accidents
Prevent animals on road
Avoid intersection at signals
Safety of pedestrians

QFD
Hows?(Technical/Functional Requirements)
Sustainability during Power cut
Supporting System
Time to identify failures
Visibility range of lights
Color Blind Efficiency
Correct waiting time information
Density Measurement process
Logic Intelligence
Accuracy in data recording
Intersections at signal crossing
Coordination with the next signal
Capability to adjust for emergency vehicles
Ease of replacements for construction

QFD

Intelligent Logic for density dependent traffic

time was obtained as the Most Important

Technical/Functional Requirement
We are yet to decide on the design targets

LIMITATIONS IN
DESIGN
We have not included animals blocking the roads
We have assumed that the pedestrian signals will also

depend only on the vehicle density

We havent still decided on how we will manage the
accidents or failures of signals
High priority vehicle considerations are yet to be considered
We have assumed that parking slots in between the road
dont affect the traffic
We have got an intersection only for a single case
Surveillance was discussed, but the later action of
implementation is yet to be considered
We have considered only one way using signals for
pedestrians to cross the roads apart from the foot-bridge
Some people might have to wait a bit longer than the
existing situation. This is to enhance safety.

PROTOTYPE

LIMITATIONS IN
PROTOTYPE
There are no pedestrians shown though we

have considered it in our design and shown

their signals
Roads are not drawn to scale
All the vehicles in a side are assumed to move
with the same velocity and acceleration
We havent consider non-motorized vehicles
like bicycles.

References:
We have used Wikipedia extensively
We have taken help of the Associate Dean (IPS),

IIT Bombay
Prof. Vedagiri, Associate Professor, Civil Dept,
IITB
JRC Traffic Data and notes
We have used VisSim 5.10 for the simulation
Siemens, Control Systems for Interurban Traffic
(ITS)
Pravin Varaiya, et al. Active Traffic
Management