JSP

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Introduction to JSP
Agenda
What is JSP?
Why JSP?
JSP Vs Servlets
Implicit objects in JSP
SP Scripting Elements
Life Cycle
Examples
What is a JSP Page?

A text base document to serve static and dynamic contents to a client browser
Static and Dynamic Contents can be intermixed
Static Content
HTML, XML, Text
Dynamic Content
Invoking Java Code
Java Beans Properties
Business logic in Custom Tags
A Simple JSP Page Example

(Black: Static content, Red: Dynamic content)
<html>
<body>
Hello World!
<br>
Current time is <%= new java.util.Date() %>
</body>
</html>
Output on the browser will show -
Hello World!
Current time is Sun Jun 17 14:39:53 IST 2007
Why JSP?
Click
If you
to are
editaMaster
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programmer
or a web designer you will agree that not every programmer is a good
designer and not every good designer is a good programmer.
This is the exact problem posed by Java Servlets. Which means Java Servlets required the Java
programmer to know the designing skills because the Java Servlets did not separate the
Programming logic from the presentation layer.
Therefore there was a need to separate the design aspects from the Core Java programmers. This
was the reason why, JSP was introduced.
Why JSP?
JSP BenefitsClick
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Content and display logic are separated
Easier to develop web pages
Simplify web application development with JSP, JavaBeans (POJOs with getters, setters
and no argument constructor) and custom tags
Supports software reuse through the use of components (JavaBeans, Custom tags)
Automatic deployment
Recompile automatically when changes are made to JSP pages
Platform-independent
JSP Vs Servlets
Servlets can do a lot of things, but it is pain to:
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to edit
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text statements
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Use
those
println()
to generate HTML page
Maintain that HTML page

No need to explicitly compile, package or set CLASSPATH
We want to leverage the best of each technologies
Servlets strength is controlling and dispatching
JSPs strength is displaying
Best practice- In MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern use
JavaBeans can be used as Models
JSP for view part
Servlets as controllers

A JSP Page has access to certain implicit objects that are always available without being
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declared
Created by Servlet and corresponds to classes defined therein
1.application javax.servlet.ServletContext -We can use it to get the RequestDispatcher object
2.session javax.servlet.http.HttpSession -user session management
3.request javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest - We can use request object to get the request parameters, cookies,
request attributes, session, header information and other details about client request
4.response javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse - We can response object to set content type, character encoding,
header information in response, adding cookies to response and redirecting the request to other resource
5.out javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter (Output Stream for the page) -used to output content to be sent in client response
6.page java.lang.Object - age object provide reference to the generated servlet class.
7.pageContext java.servlet.jsp.PageContext - We can use pageContext to get and set attributes with different scopes
and to forward request to other resources
8.config javax.servlet.ServletConfig used to get the JSP init params configured in deployment descriptor
9.exception javax.servlet.jsp.JspException -used to provide exception details in JSP error pages

JSP Scripting Elements

Three forms of JSP Scripting Elements

Expressions: <%= Expressions %>
Scriptlets: <% Code %>
Declarations: <%! Declarations %>
JSP Scripting Elements Expressions

During execution phase
Expressions
evaluated
and converted into String
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Streams are then inserted directly into Servlets output stream
out.println(Current time: + Sun Jun 17 14:39:53 IST 2007);
Format
<%= expression %>
<jsp:expression>expression</jsp:expression>
Semicolon are not allowed for expressions
Examples
Current time: <%= new java.util.Date() %>
Random number: <%= Math.random() %>
Invoking Java code using JSP scripting elements

JSP Scripting Elements Scriptlets
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Used
insert
Java
code
into Servlets _jspService() method
Can do things which expressions alone can not do

setting response headers and status codes
writing to a server log
updating database
executing code that contains loops, conditionals
Format
<% Java Code %>
<jsp:scriptlet> Java code </jsp:scriptlet>
Examples
Display query string
<% String queryData = request.getQueryString(); %>
Invoking Java code using JSP scripting elements

Example: Scriptlet with loop
<%
Iterator i = cart.getItems().iterator();
while (i.hasNext()) {
ShoppingCartItem item = (ShoppingCartItem)i.next();

BookDetails bd = (BookDetails)item.getItem();
%>
<tr>
<td align="right" bgcolor="#ffffff"> <%=item.getQuantity()%> </td>
<td bgcolor="#ffffaa"> <strong><a href= <%=request.getContextPath()%>/bookdetails?bookId=
<%=bd.getBookId()%>"><%=bd.getTitle()%>
</a> </strong> </td>
...
<%
} // End of while
%>
Resulting Servlet Code

public void _jspService (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws
ServletException,
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{
response.setContentType(text/html);
HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
JSPWriter out = response.getWriter();
/* Static HTML fragment is sent to output stream in as is form out.println(<H2>Core HTML</H2>); */
/* Expression is converted into String and then sent to output
out.println(expressionString); */
/* Scriptlet is inserted as Java code within _jspService()
scriptlet_Code; */
...
}
JSP Scripting Elements

Declarations
Used to define variables or methods that get inserted into the main body of Servlet
class
Outside _jspService()
Implicit objects are not accessible to declarations
Use declaration to override jspInit() and jspDestroy()
Format
<%! Java Code variables and methods %>
<jsp:declaration> variables and methods </jsp:declaration>
Examples
<H1>Some heading</H1>
<%!
private String randomHeading() {
return(<H2> + Math.random() + </H2>);
}%>
Resulting
Servlet class
public class xxxx implements HttpJSPPage {
private String randomHeading() {
return(<H2> + Math.random() + </H2>);

}
public void _jspService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType(text/html);
HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
JSPWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println(<H1>Some heading</H1>);
out.println(randomHeading());
...
}
...
}
Life Cycle of JSP Page

How does JSP Work?
Life Cycle of JSP Page

Life
Cycle Phases
Translation Phase
JSP page gets translated into a Servlet code
Compilation Phase
Servlet (java code) gets compiled
Execution Phase
Instance of the Servlet class is created
jspInit() method is executed
Servlet object is ready to serve the request; calls _jspService().
Once object is ready for destruction jspDestroy() is called
Translation and Compilation phase occur together usually
Translation/Compilation Phase
JSP Engine parses the JSP file

If parsing is successful then engine translates it into Servlet source
code
Container automatically compiles the Servlet source code On its first
request after it is deployed or modified and redeployed
For a JSP Page the source code resides under work directory of the
application server as
<app_server_home>/work/Standard
Engine/localhost/context_root/filename_jsp.java
For example, in tomcat the index.jsp for the date application is saved at
<app_server_home>/work/catelina/localhost/date/index_jsp.java
Execution Phase
If the
instance
of the
Servlet class does not
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exit
Container loads the Servlet class
Servlet class is instantiated

Container then initializes the Servlet class
by calling
jspInit() method
On a request, container calls the _jspService()
method, passing a request and response
objects.
If container needs to remove the Servlet
jspDestroy() is called
JSP directives introducton

The jsp directives are messages that tells the web container how to translate a JSP page into the
corresponding servlet.
There are three types of directives:
page directive
<%@pageattribute="value"%>
include directive
<%@includefile="resourceName"%>
taglib directive
<
%@tagliburi="uriofthetaglibrary"prefix="prefixoftaglibrary"%>
Thank You

JSP

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JSP

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What is a JSP Page?

A Simple JSP Page Example

Maintain that HTML page

Implicit objects in JSP

Implicit objects in JSP

JSP Scripting Elements

Three forms of JSP Scripting Elements

JSP Scripting Elements Expressions

Invoking Java code using JSP scripting elements

Can do things which expressions alone can not do

Invoking Java code using JSP scripting elements

ShoppingCartItem item = (ShoppingCartItem)i.next();

Resulting Servlet Code

JSP Scripting Elements

Click to edit Master text styles

private String randomHeading() {

return(<H2> + Math.random() + </H2>);

Life Cycle of JSP Page

How does JSP Work?

Life Cycle of JSP Page

Translation and Compilation phase occur together usually

JSP Engine parses the JSP file

Servlet class is instantiated

JSP directives introducton

Click to edit Master text styles

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