Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Foundations of
Physics
Unit 6, Chapter
Chapter 18 Objectives
1. Calculate the frequency or wavelength of light
when given one of the two.
2. Describe the relationship between frequency,
energy, color, and wavelength.
3. Identify at least three different waves of the
electromagnetic spectrum and an application of
each.
4. Interpret the interference pattern from a
diffraction grating.
5. Use the concept of polarization to explain what
happens as light passes through two polarizers.
6. Describe at least two implications of special
relativity with regards to energy, time, mass, or
distance.
x-ray
spectrum
microwave
index of refraction
electromagnetic
wave
spectrometer
gamma ray
radio wave
transmission axis
diffraction grating
special relativity
polarization
polarizer rest
energy destructive
interference
ultraviolet
time dilation
infrared
speed of light
constructive
interference
visible light
wavelength
Electromagnetic waves
have both an electric part
and a magnetic part and
the two parts exchange
energy back and forth.
A 3-D view of an
electromagnetic wave
shows the electric and
magnetic portions.
c = f
Wavelength (m)
Frequency (Hz)
interference pattern.
18.2 Spectrometer
A spectrometer is a
device that measures
the wavelength of light.
A diffraction grating
can be used to make a
spectrometer because
the wavelength of the
light at the first-order
bright spot can be
expressed in a
mathematical
relationship.
distance
between
2 first order
bright spots
=d
sindw
L
distance
between
screen and glasses
18.2 Polarization
Polarization is another wave property of light.
The fact that light shows polarization tells us
that light is a transverse wave.
18.2 Polarization
Polarization is a vector.
A wave with
polarization at 45
degrees can be
represented as the
sum of two waves.
Each of the component
waves has smaller
amplitude.
18.2 Polarization
A polarizer is a material that selectively absorbs light
depending on polarization.
A polarizer re-emits a fraction of incident light polarized at
an angle to the transmission axis.
Energy (J)
mc2
speed of
light
3.0 x108
Mass (kg) m/sec
18.3 Simultaneity
The two lightning strikes are simultaneous to
the observer at rest, but the observer moving
with the train sees the lightning strike the
front of the train first.
Application: Holography