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  • Raoults & Henry's Law

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    russell_mahmood
    158 vizualizări18 pagini
    This document discusses Raoult's law and Henry's law, which describe the behavior of solutions and gases dissolved in liquids. Raoult's law states that the vapor pressure of a component in a solution is equal to its mole fraction in the solution times its vapor pressure if it were pure. Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating vapor pressures using Raoult's law and concentrations using Henry's law. The assumptions of ideal gas behavior and non-interacting solution components are also described.

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    This document discusses Raoult's law and Henry's law, which describe the behavior of solutions and gases dissolved in liquids. Raoult's law states that the vapor pressure of a component in a solution is equal to its mole fraction in the solution times its vapor pressure if it were pure. Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating vapor pressures using Raoult's law and concentrations using Henry's law. The assumptions of ideal gas behavior and non-interacting solution components are also described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    158 vizualizări18 pagini

    Raoults & Henry's Law

    Încărcat de

    russell_mahmood
    This document discusses Raoult's law and Henry's law, which describe the behavior of solutions and gases dissolved in liquids. Raoult's law states that the vapor pressure of a component in a solution is equal to its mole fraction in the solution times its vapor pressure if it were pure. Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating vapor pressures using Raoult's law and concentrations using Henry's law. The assumptions of ideal gas behavior and non-interacting solution components are also described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descărcați ca PPTX, PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    din 18

    RAOULTS LAW & HENRYS

    LAW
    CHE 698
    Russell Mahmood

    Reactant
    1
    Reactant
    2

    Product
    Heate
    r Unit

    React
    or
    Unit

    Separati
    on Unit

    Coolin
    g Unit
    Byproduct

    Reduce pressure
    by opening the
    can

    12/10/15

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law


    Ideal Gas Assumption:

    Molecules occupy zero space


    Zero molecular interaction

    Ideal Solution Assumption:


    Two types of molecules are randomly
    distributed
    Molecules are assumed to be similar in size
    and shape
    Intermolecular forces in pure liquids & mixture
    are similar
    Examples: benzene & toluene, hexane and
    heptane

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law

    (A solute)

    (Bsolvent)

    Raoults
    Law

    (A+B)

    Henrys
    Law

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law

    Raoults Law:
    Describes the behavior of solvents containing a small volume fraction of
    solute.
    The vapor pressure of a component A in a solution at temperature T is
    equal to the product of the mole fraction of A in solution and the vapor
    pressure of pure A at temperature T.

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law


    Vapor Liquid
    Equilibrium

    Solute-solvent
    molecules are
    strongly bonded than
    solvent-solvent
    Solute-solvent
    molecules are less
    strongly bonded than
    solvent-solvent

    Saturated vapor
    pressure of
    solvent

    Vapor Liquid
    Equilibrium

    Not
    Raoults
    law

    Vapor Liquid
    Equilibrium

    Not
    Raoults
    law

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law


    Vapor Liquid
    Equilibrium

    Solute-solvent
    molecules are equally
    strongly bonded as
    the solvent-solvent
    molecules

    Vapor Liquid
    Equilibrium

    Saturated vapor
    pressure of
    solvent
    Raoults
    law

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law


    Example #1 (Raoults Law):If 0.340 mol of a nonvolatile
    nonelectrolyte are dissolved in 3.00 mol of water, what is the
    vapor pressure of the resulting solution? (The vapor pressure of
    pure water is 23.8 torr at 25.0
    C.)

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law

    Henrys Law:
    Describes the behavior of a solute in a dilute solution.
    Sates that the amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly
    proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law


    Solvent
    molecules
    surround solute.
    Their effect
    cannot be
    ignored
    Solute
    molecule

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law


    Question:

    In a typical 2L soda bottle, the partial pressure of CO2 is about 4atm. If


    the Henrys Law constant () for in water at 298 K is 29.4 , what is the
    concentration of in the soda?
    Answer:

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law

    Raoults
    Law

    Henrys
    Law

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law


    Pressure
    of a
    solution

    Pressure
    from
    solvent

    Pressure
    from
    solute

    Calculate
    using
    Raoults
    Law

    Calculate
    using
    Henrys
    Law

    Raoults Law & Henrys Law


    References:
    1) Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Smith & Van Ness, 7 th Edition
    2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s_law
    3) http://
    dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C09/C09Links/www.chem.ualberta.ca/courses/plambeck/p101/p01182.h
    tm
    4) http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Solutions_and_Mixt
    ures/Ideal_Solutions/Dissolving_Gases_In_Liquids,_Henry's_Law

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