Location &

Layout Of
Hospital
SUBMITTED TO :
Dr. Shelly

SUBMITTED BY :
SANDEEP SINGH
1ST SEM MHA
GURU NANAK DEV
UNIVERSITY

DOES COMMUNITY NEED A

HOSPITAL ?
There are two methods to estimate
the need for hospital in a
population:
Analytical method : Taking feedback
and analysis of data collected through
survey e.g. distributing questionnaire.

Planning
Planning (also called
forethought/forecasting) is the process of
thinking about and organizing the
activities required to achieve a desired
goal.

Fo
r

Planning involves six

Questions
1.What we expect to do?
2.Why it will be done ?
3.Where will it be done ?
4.When we expect to do it?
5.Who all are going to do it ?
6.How will it be done ?
Excellent firms dont believe in excellence only in constant
improvement and constant change Tom Peters

Factors in hospital
Communityplanning
interest over individual interest
Preventive services over curative services
Services catering to the weaker sections of the
community
Rural over Urban
Regionalized Planning

Data required in
Planning the Hospital

Geographic Data
Morbidity & Mortality Status
Need & Demand
Details of existing Facilities
Financial Feasibility
Demographic Details
Population Strength
Sex & Age Ration
Social Status
Educational level

Hospital must meet two basic

fundamental needs:
Must meet the needs of the patient it
is going to
serve adequately.
It must be in a size and proportions
which the
owners or promoters will be able to
build and
operate

Basic Objectives which are

to be Met by the Hospital

Sound architectural plan

Economic viability
Effective community
orientation
Quality patient care

PRINCIPLES OF HOSPITAL
PLANNINGProtection from unwanted and unnecessary
disturbances in order to help speedy recovery
Separation of dissimilar activities
Control the nurses station should be
positioned strategically to enable proper
monitoring of visitors entering and leaving
the ward, infants and children should be
protected from theft and infection etc.
Circulation- all the departments of a hospital
must be properly integrated.
(separate all departments, yet keep them all
together; separate types of traffic, yet save
steps for everybody; that is all there is to
hospital planning Emerson Goble)

Selection of
siteNeeds of the community
Ease of accessibility

Range of services offered

Availability of specialists
Availability of technology
Study of existing hospital(if
any)
Requirements of staff and
services

Bed
planning-

Bed: Population = A x S
x 100
365
x PO
A= number of inpatient
admissions/1000
population/year
S= average length of stay

Planning of
financesFunds required for
constructing, furnishing
and equipping the hospital.
Operating funds- salaries, loans
and
interest, other maintenance
expenses.
Arranging financial assistancepatient fees,
bed charges, and other modes

Hospital project
stagingStage A
Functional content:
Outline brief:

Stage B
Operational policies:
Developmental plan:

Project team
Assessment of functional
content
Submission of
owners( Govt,private
organization etc.)for approval
Site appraisal, gross floor
areas
Building space. Draft master
plan
Estimation of cost and
phasing
Appraisal of work by owners
Operational policies
Departmental and inter
related activities
Departmental and hospital
policies

Stage C
Schedules of accommodation,
sketches,
Final cost estimate:

Stage D
Detail design working
drawings, tender action:

Stage E
Contract and construction:

Stage F
Commissioning:

Schedules of
accommodation
Sketch drawing
Equipment schedules
component estimates
Cost revenue and staffing
estimates
Final cost approval
Working drawings
Engineering details
Bills of quantities
Calling tenders
Assessments of tenders
Award of contract
Construction
Engineering commissioning
Staff assembly and training
Equipment and supplies

Equipment planningBuilt in equipment

These include counters and

cabinets in laboratory, Pharmacy
and other parts of the hospital ,
elevators , incinerators , coolers ,
fixed sterilizing equipment etc.
These are usually included in the
construction contract and the
planning of these equipments is
the architect's responsibility.

Depreciable equipment

This includes equipment that has

a life of five years or more and is
not purchased through
construction contracts. These are
large pieces of furniture which
have a relatively fixed location
and are capable of being moved
e.g., diagnostic and therapeutic
equipment, laboratory
instruments, office furniture etc.

Non depreciable equipment

These are small items with a

low unit cost and life span of
less than five years. These
are generally under the
control of the store room and
are bought through other
than construction contracts.
They include kitchen
utencils,surgical
instruments,linen,waste
baskets etc.

Operation program
Admission

Human resource

Administration

Stores

General engineering

Purchasing

Laundry

Maintenance

Clinical services

Waste disposal plant

Pharmacy

Fire and safety

Nursing services

Disaster plan

House keeping

information

Records

Dietary services

Public relations

Clinical engineering

Employee facilities

Sanitation

Intensive critical care

unit (ICCU)Should preferably be located on the ground floor
with convenient access from the operation theatre
suit and emergency department and easy
accessibility for wards.
It consists patient area, staff area, support area.
Four basic requirementsDirect observation of the patient by nursing
and medical staff
Surveillance of physiological monitoring
Provision and efficient use of routine and
emergency diagnostic procedures and
interventions.
Recording and maintenance of patient
information

Design and Layout of ICCU

Design should take into consideration the
integration and smooth functioning of three areas
1. The Patient Area
2. The Staff Area
3. The Support Area

Total area ranges from 350 to 500 sq. feet per bed
which includes
1. Circulation Area
2. Nursing Station
3. Sanitary and Ancillary Accommodation

Quality Quantity &

Temperature
Ancillary & Support Services
It should be centrally air conditioned.
Overall lighting Requirement in ICCU is for subdued illumination for the
patient bed with capacity for increasing it in case of need.
Main light at the bed head should be fitted with dimmer switch.
A high intensity emergency light or spot focusing light should also be
provided.
Emergency buzzer switch connected to central buzzer and location panel
at central nursing station.
Multiple electrical gadgets required.
Stand by generator is also required.

Diagnostic Support
Should have round the clock access to
Laboratory services
Radiology
Imaging
Physiotherapy.

Equipment maintenance

Space requirements of some

basic departmentsArea

Sq .ft / bed

Nursing unit

250-280

Nursery

12-18

Delivery suite

15-20

Operation theatre

30-50

Physical medicine

12-18

Radiology

25-35

Laboratory

25-35

Pharmacy

4-6

CSSD

8-25

Dietary

25-35

Medical record

8-15

Area

Sq .ft / bed

House keeping

4-5

Laundry

12-18

Mechanical installation

50-75

Maintenance work shop

4-6

Stores

25-35

Public areas

8-10

Staff facilities

10-15

Administration

40-50

Total

567-751

Circulation

115-751

Total net area

682-891

Hospital Noise
ontrol
Hospital administrators
and staff

have an ongoing concern with

controlling unwanted noise in their
facilities. Patient comfort, employee
satisfaction and environmental
concerns are always at the forefront
in the continuous design and
maintenance of a wide array of
systems that keep a medical facility
running efficiently.

Hospital Equipment &

Furniture Choice
Quantity
Price
Source
Quality

ConclusionTechnology requirement
must be met
Clinical needs must be
considered
Safety is a major factor
Standards and Guidelines are
essential
Importance of the role of
Hospital Staff in construction

A hospital is a living organism,

made up of many different
parts , having different
functions, but all theses must be
in due proportion and relation to
each other and to the
environment to produce the
desired result - Dr S Billings

THANK YOU