WHAT IS LASER TRANSMISSION

WELDING?
Laser transmission welding is a new

method of joining thermoplastics.

It is also a cost effective technique of

joining of thermoplastics when

compared to other techniques which
involve screws or adhesives.

PRINCIPLE OF L.T.W.
The joining process in laser welding is based

on converting radiant energy into heat via its

absorption within the material, giving local
melting in the joining region.
There are 3 important requirements in the
L.T.M1. upper transmissive material
2.lower absorption material
3.clamping device for applying pressure

PRINCIPLE OF L.T.W.

PRINCIPLE OF L.T.W.
laser beam penetrates the upper material and

is absorbed by the lower material thus heating

up the lower layer directly.
This layer transports the heat indirectly via
heat expansion and conduction to the upper
layer so that both materials are
simultaneously heated up and melted.
. Applying external pressure leads to a
strength of the welded material which almost
equals that of the base material

Welding parameters
The main parameter which will affect the
weld and bond quality arethe laser power
welding speed
laser beam size
clamping pressure

When the incident laser intensity is too low, a

poor quality weld with pores in the center of

the weld was obtained.
When the laser intensity is too high then

excessive heat in the joint results in material

degradation.

ADVANTAGES OF L.T.W.
No mechanical stress on the moldings
Small amounts of heat applied to a limited

area
Parts with different stiffness are weldable
Non-contact (no melt tack, no markings on
moldings)
Materials of different viscosities can be
welded
Virtually no erosion process
Repair welds possible

CONDITIONS FOR L.T.W.

The joining materials should not be of same

molding material or both should not be

transparent.
some factors also affect the level of

transmittance-Thickness of the plastics

- fillers like glass fibers
- Colour additives

EFFECT OF COLOUR COMBINATIONS OF MATERIALS

L.T.W. TO JOIN TRANSPARENT TO

TRANSPARENT MATERIALS
This is the main area to research.
Very difficult with simple L.T.W.
Up to now there have two methods been developed-

1)By Doping The Additives In The Interface

2)By using the high wave length of laser

1. By doping the additives in the

interface
a special additive must be either doped into

the lower layer material.

This coating or additives allow for optical
translucency whileproviding absorption for
the laser.
This is mostly difficult due to the high price of
some special additives and the application
processes.

2. By using the high wave length of

laser
In this method using

ahigherwavelengthlaser it is possible to
focus the majority of the laser energy at the
interface of the two parts and achieve get
good precision weld without any additive.
But the weld quality will not be efficient.

THANK YOU