Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

REINFORCED CONCRETE ONE-WAY SLAB DESIGN

CLASSIFICATION
One-way Slab
Longer domension 2
Shorter dimension

8.0m

Two-way Slab
Longer domension < 2

Shorter dimension
Example:
The Slab panel as shown
Longer domension = 8m = 2.67 >2
Shorter dimension 3m
(thus the floor panel is classified as
one-way slab)

3.0m

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

REINFORCED CONCRETE ONEWAY SLAB DESIGN

Therefore as one-way
slab, the floor panel is
design like a beam
1.0m wide using the
same formulae
1.0m

8.0m

3.0m
2

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

REINFORCED CONCRETE ONE-WAY SLAB DESIGN

h= d+cover+dia. of main bar/2

b=1000mm
8.0m
d

TYPICAL SECTION

1.0m

PLAN

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

REINFORCED CONCRETE ONE-WAY SLAB DESIGN

BENDING ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE

Example 1:
A singly reinforced concrete beam is required to transmit an ultimate bending
moment of 500kNm, inclusive its own weight. The beam is made of grade 35
concrete and high yield reinforcement. Using the simplified stress block formulae
given in BS8110 (part 1),
i. Determine the amount of steel reinforcements required
ii. Choose the appropriate reinforcement
iii. Sketch the cross-section of the beam.
Given:

Width of beam section

Effective depth (d)
Condition of exposure
Diameter of link
K =
M/fcu bd2
z
=
z
<
As
=

(b)

300mm
650mm
mild
10mm
where,
K<K (singly reinforced)
d [0.5 + (0.25 K/0.9)]
0.95 d
M/0.87fy z

i. Determine the amount of steel reinforcements required

1. List all the design parameter
M = 500kNm convert unit to Nmm
M = 500 x 106 Nmm
fcu = 35N/mm2
from grade 35 concrete
2
fy = 460 N/mm
high yield reinforcement
b= 300mm
d = 650 mm
cover = 20mm - mild exposure for grade 30 concrete

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

REINFORCED CONCRETE ONE-WAY SLAB DESIGN

BENDING ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
(In this course only ULS due bending is checked)

The Formulae used are:

K = M/fcu bd2
Where for singly reinforced K 0.156
z = d[0.5+(0.25-K/0.9)]
where z 0.95d
As = M/0.87fy z

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS DESIGN OF CONCRETE

SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
Typical reinforced concrete beam section
b

link

Tension Reinforcements
6

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN

BENDING ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
Some of the terminology and symbol used are as follows:
b compression width of beam section
d effective depth of beam section
h overall depth of beam section
h = d + diameter of link + diameter of tension reinf. + conc. cover
2

fcu characteristic strength of concrete (at 28 days)

From BS5328 Part1 1990 Table 9 some of the strength are as follows:

Concrete grade
25
30
35
40
45

fcu (N/mm2)
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN

BENDING ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
(terminology and symbol cont.)
cover the thickness of concrete covering the reinforcement.
All reinforcement must be provided with sufficient cover to avoid corrosion and
guard against distortion in the event of fire. Nominal cover to all reinforcement to
meet durability requirement (BS8110 part1 1985 Table 3.4) is as tabulated

Condition of exposure
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Very severe
Extreme

Nominal cover -mm

C30
25
-

(according to concrete grade)

C35
C40
C45
20
20
20
35
30
25
40
30
50
40
60

C50
20
20
25
30
50

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN

BENDING ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
(terminology and symbol cont.)
fy characteristic strength of steel reinforcement
From BS8110 Part1 1985 Table 3.1 the strength of steel bar reinforcements are as follows:

Reinforcement bar

Hot rolled mild steel

High yield steel

fy(N/mm2)
250
460

M Maximum bending moment or Ultimate bending moment

For simply supported beam below, M= wL2/8
w(kN/m)

L(m)

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN

BENDING ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
(terminology and symbol cont.)

As Area of tension reinforcement (r2 as tabulated)

Diameter
(mm)
1
16
201
20
314
25
491
32
804
40
1257

2
402
628
983
1608
2513

3
603
942
1474
2412
3770

Areas of round bar reinforcement (mm2)

Number of bars
4
5
6
7
8
804
1005
1206
1407
1608
1256 1570
1884
2198
2512
1966 2457
2946
3439
3932
3216 4020
4824
5628
6432
5027 6283
7540
8796
10053

9
1809
2826
4423
7236
11310

Sufficient reinforcement must be provided in order to control cracking of concrete.

Therefore minimum area of tension reinforcement in rc beam should not less than
the following amounts:
i. 0.24 percent of the total concrete area for mild steel -(0.24/100)xbh
ii. 0.13 percent of the total concrete area for mild steel (0.13/100)xbh
The size of main bars should normally not less than 16mm diameter
To ensure proper placing and compaction of concrete around reinforcement,
the maximum steel content should exceed 4 percent of gross cross-sectional area of
concrete (4/100)xbh and
- the minimum spacing between reinforcement should be maximum size of coarse
aggregate + 5mm

10

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN

BENDING ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE

Example 1:
A singly reinforced concrete beam is required to transmit an ultimate bending
moment of 500kNm, inclusive its own weight. The beam is made of grade 35
concrete and high yield reinforcement. Using the simplified stress block formulae
given in BS8110 (part 1),
i. Determine the amount of steel reinforcements required
ii. Choose the appropriate reinforcement
iii. Sketch the cross-section of the beam.
Given:

Width of beam section

Effective depth (d)
Condition of exposure
Diameter of link
K =
M/fcu bd2
z
=
z
<
As
=

(b)

300mm
650mm
mild
10mm
where,
K<K (singly reinforced)
d [0.5 + (0.25 K/0.9)]
0.95 d
M/0.87fy z

i. Determine the amount of steel reinforcements required

1. List all the design parameter
M = 500kNm convert unit to Nmm
M = 500 x 106 Nmm
fcu = 35N/mm2
from grade 35 concrete
2
fy = 460 N/mm
high yield reinforcement
b= 300mm
d = 650 mm
cover = 20mm - mild exposure for grade 30 concrete

11

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN

BENDING ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
Example 1 (cont.)

2. Determine K
K = M/fcu bd2 \where,
K<K (singly reinforced)
=
500 x 106Nmm 600 x 106Nmm /[35N/mm2 x 300mm x (650mm)2]
=
0.113 < 0.156 Ok for singly reinf
3. Determine z
z = d [0.5 + (0.25 K/0.9)]
=
=
z

d [0.5 + (0.25 0.113/0.9)]

0.853 d
z <
0.95 d
=
0.853 x 650mm
554.298mm

Ok

4. Determine As
As = M/0.87fy z
As = 500 x 106Nmm/[0.87 x 460N/mm2 x(554.298mm)]
As = 2254 mm2
Therefore the steel reinforcements required (As required) = 2254mm2

ii. Choose the appropriate reinforcement (As provided As required)

Refer table of As provide Area of steel reinforcement As

provided

= 2412 mm2 > 2254mm2

Therefore the appropriate steel required is 3 nos 32mm diameter HY reinforcement

(3Y32)

12

Section C: Structural Analysis and Design

SINGLY REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM DESIGN

BENDING ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE
Example 1 (cont.)
iii. Sketch the cross-section of the beam.
300mm

h = d +dia.of link+dia. of tension reinf. + conc. Cover

h= (650 + 10 +(32/2)+20)mm
h = 696mm
provide h =700 mm

700mm

3Y32 tension reinforcement

13