Bismillah.

A great writer creates a world of his own and his readers are proud to live in it. A
lesser writer may entice them in for a moment, but soon he will watch them filing
out."

~:Cyril Vernon Connolly (1903-1974):~

English essayist and novelist

Presented To:
Miss Mudassira Aziz

By:
Mohammad Salman Mushtaque Ali (2092066)
Majid Khan Sadaqat ()

1) INTRODUCTION:
An essay can be defined as;
A short analytic, descriptive, or interpretive piece of literary or
journalistic prose dealing with a specific topic, especially from a personal
and unsystematic viewpoint.

Or
Essay,literarycomposition devoted to the presentation of the writer's
own ideas on a topic and generally addressing a particular aspect of the
subject. Often brief in scope and informal in style, the essay differs from
such formal expository forms as the thesis, dissertation, or
treatise.

2)

ORIGIN OF THE ESSAY FORM:

Despitepossibleprototypes in the works of the Latin writers Cicero and

Seneca the essay is fundamentally an invention of the European
Renaissance and particularly of the French writer Michel Eyquem
de Montaigne. The development of the form may be considered a result of
the Renaissance emphasis on the individual, which fostered exploration of
one's inner self in relation to the outside world. That scene of developing
culture of essay writing was created in a time of great intellectual and social
reorientationa time when Europeans were readjusting their visions and
values
with respect to a vast number of matters, including death and the possibility
of an afterlife, travel and exploration, and social relationships. All of these
remain major themes of the essay.

3)

ANONYMITY AND PSEUDONYMS:

WhenRenaissanceindividualism began to decline, essayists very commonly
assumed personas, using descriptive pseudonyms, or they remained
anonymous. Their themes continued, however, to be determined by
personal
points of view. A pseudonym often persuaded readers that they shared
something in common with the essayist. Major essayist who developed the
foundations of essay writing are given below ;

Joseph Addison and Sir Richard made his observations on the social and
political scene; the magazine in which they were published was The
Spectator (1711-1712).

Charles Lamb, one of the great English masters of the essay form, became
famous using a name borrowed from a fellow clerk to sign his essays.

William Makepeace (The English novelist ) signed his own Yellow plush
Correspondence (1837-1838)purporting to be having seen the social and
literary observations.

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (American humorist) ,was, perhaps the most

prodigious assumer of personas, whose social criticism was voiced in essays.

4)

Types of Essay:
One may not have a choice about the type of essay one will write,
since this may have been determined by the assignment. If one do
have a choice, however, he can find a type that will best fit his
personality.
Common essay types include the following:
Persuasive/argumentative essay. Makes a claim or takes a position and

backs it up with statistics, expert opinions, and other evidence. You may
review an opposing review and explain why it is wrong and you are right.
Comparison essay. Demonstrates similarities and differences between two

topics.
Descriptive essay. Explains the what, why, how, when, and wheres of a

topic.
Evaluation essay. Describes a thing or event and explains its importance,

value, and/or relevance. Did you like this thing? Why?

Narrative essay. Tells a story in a sequence of events. There should be

some point, lesson, or idea gleaned from this narrative to make the essay
meaningful.

5)

VARIOUS STYLES OF THE ESSAY:

Astheessayallows the full range and expression of personal
concerns, its style is not fixed. The essay is a flexible form and can
be developed at the writer's will. It may be lyrical. An essay may adopt
the form of a letter, embodying whimsical comments on contemporary
values.

6)

THE DIFFERENT TRADITIONS:

Theessayflourishesin many languages.
The French tradition inaugurated by Montaigne prospered in the 20 th
century in the political and social meditations of existentialist writers.
The German novelist Thomas Mann (Nobel Prize, 1929) was also his
country's most prolific essayist. He made a massive collection of essays.
The Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore was highly regarded for his essays on
literary, philosophical, and religious subjects .

7)

How to write an essay?

The base of most academic work is to develop the ability to construct
a good essay. Although this sounds obvious, it is a skill which most
students need to develop as none of us is born with the natural ability to
write an essay. But here Ill describe basic structure or very fundamental
of writing an essay.

The previous slide shows that there are three main and basic parts of
an essay.

Introduction.

Main body.

Conclusion/Core/Crust.

Now I am going to describe the very details of these three parts of an essay.

INTRODUCTION
The first and most important aspect of writing a good essay is to
examine the question and grasp the idea of subject. The importance of close
analysis of the question as the base of a good essay cannot be overestimated.
The introduction includes six fine steps that include pre selection portions also
which are considered as a mere step towards introduction. These steps are
definition of purpose, brainstorm the subjects of interest, evaluation of the
points, organization of ideas, outline, generation of thesis statement.

a)

Define your purpose :

The first thing you must do is think about the purpose of the essay.
Is your purpose to persuade people to believe as you do, to explain to
people how to complete a particular task, to educate people about some
person, place, thing or idea, or something else entirely?

b)

Brainstorm Subjects of Interest :

Once you have determined the purpose of your essay, write down some
subjects that interest you. No matter what the purpose of your essay is,
an endless number of topics will be suitable.

c)

Evaluate Each Potential Topic :

If you can think of at least a few topics that would be appropriate, you
must simply consider each one individually. Think about how you feel about
that topic.

d)

Organize your ideas:

The purpose of an outline or diagram is to put your ideas about the
topic on paper, in a moderately organized format. The structure you
create here may still change before the essay is complete, so don't
agonize over this.

e)

Outline :
Begin your outline by writing your topic at the top of the page. Next, write
the Roman numerals I, II, and III, spread apart down the left side of the
page. Next to each Roman numeral, write the main ideas that you have
about your topic, or the main points that you want to make.

f)

Composition of a thesis statement:

The thesis statement tells the reader what the essay will be about, and
what point you, the author, will be making.

MAIN BODY
In the body of the essay, all the preparation up to this point comes to fruition.
The topic you have chosen must now be explained, described, or argued.
Major points to be taken are as follows;
-Each body paragraph will have the same basic structure.
-Start by writing down one of your main ideas, in sentence form.
-Write down each of your supporting points for that main idea .
-In the space under each point, write down some elaboration for that
point.
-Elaboration can be further description or explanation or discussion.
CONCLUSION
The conclusion brings closure to the reader, summing up your points or
providing a final perspective on your topic. All the conclusion needs is three or
four strong sentences which do not need to follow any set formula. Simply
review the main points (being careful not to restate them exactly) or briefly

describe your feelings about the topic. Even an anecdote can end your
essay in a useful way.
There are two finale steps towards an end:
Add the finishing touches:
You have now completed all of the paragraphs of your essay. Before you can
consider this a finished product, however, you must give some thought to the
formatting of your paper.
Check the order of your paragraphs:
Look at your paragraphs. Which one is the strongest? You might want to start
with the strongest paragraph, end with the second strongest, and put the
weakest in the middle. Whatever order you decide on, be sure it makes sense.
If your paper is describing a process, you will probably need to stick to the
order in which the steps must be completed.

THANK YOU !!!