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RESONANCE
IMAGING
BY..
G.BERVIN
What is MRI?
80% water
How MR works…
Patient + Magnet
The Magnet
T1 T2
Are MRI scanners
dangerous?
For those people whose anatomy contains one or more of the
following items, MRI could cause serious injury or death. if
you have any metal in your body which cannot be removed,
including:
Pacemakers
Implanted insulin pumps
Aneurysm clips
Vascular coils and filters
Heart valves
Ear implants
Surgical staples and wires
Shrapnel
Bone or joint replacements
Metal plates, rods, pins or screws
Contraceptive diaphragms or coils
Penile implants
Permanent dentures
WARNING!!!
Adapted from:http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/physics
OTHER SPECIALISED MRI
SCANS
Functional MRI.
MR Angiography.
Diffusion MRI.
FUTURE OF MRI________________________________
1.Very small scanners for imaging specific
body parts are being developed
2.Cardiac Implants through MRI
CONCLUSION
Thus the technology involved in MRI can be
concluded as a combination of Spin Physics and
Image Processing.
It provides details about every organ in the human
body including flowing liquids like blood and
images in any direction.
An easy,fast and accurate diagnostic tool.
A powerful imaging tecnique for its high resolution
capability and chemical specific imaging.
MRI is clearly a young but growing science.
Recipe for MRI
1) Put subject in big magnetic field (leave him there)
2) Transmit radio waves into subject [about 3 ms]
3) Turn off radio wave transmitter
4) Receive radio waves re-transmitted by subject
– Manipulate re-transmission with magnetic fields during this readout
interval [10-100 ms: MRI is not a snapshot]
5) Store measured radio wave data vs. time
– Now go back to 2) to get some more data
6) Process raw data to reconstruct images
7) Allow subject to leave scanner (this is optional)
RF Coil
gradient coil
(inside)
x 80,000 = B0
Source: www.spacedaily.com
Magnet Safety
The whopping strength of the magnet makes safety essential.
Things fly – Even big things!
Subjects must remove metal from their bodies This subject was wearing a hair band with a ~2 mm
copper clamp. Left: with hair band. Right: without.
• jewelry, watch, piercing Source: Jorge Jovicich
• coins, etc.
• wallet
• any metal that may distort the field (e.g., underwire bra)
Subjects must be given ear plugs (acoustic noise can reach 120 dB)
3D Rendering
More 3D Rendering
Review
Magnetic field
Protons absorb
Relaxation Spatial encoding
RF energy
processes using magnetic
(excited state)
field gradients
Relaxation
processes
NMR signal
detection
Repeat
Fourier transform