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5 Normal Approximations to
Binomial Distributions
Statistics
Mrs. Spitz
Fall 2008
Objectives/Assignment
How to decide when the normal distribution can
approximate the binomial distribution
How to find the correction for continuity
How to use the normal distribution to
approximate binomial probabilities
Assignment: pp. 241-243 #1-18 all
Study Tip
Properties of a binomial experiment
n independent trials
Two possible outcomes: success or failure
Probability of success is p; probability of a
failure is 1 p = q
p is constant for each trial
SOLUTION:
1. The probability of getting between 270 and 310 successes, inclusive
The midpoint values are 270, 271, . . . 310. The boundaries for the
normal distribution are 269.5 < x < 310.5
SOLUTION:
2. The probability of getting more than 157 and less than 420
successes
The midpoint values are 158, 159, . . . 419. The boundaries for the
normal distribution are 157.5 < x < 419.5 (less than means but not
equal to
SOLUTION:
3. The probability of getting less than 63 successes.
The midpoint values are . . . 60, 61, 62. The boundary for the normal
distribution is x < 62.5 (less than means but not equal to
Continued . . .
x 7.5 5.55
z
1.04
1.87
Using the Standard
Normal Table,
P (z<1.04) = 0.8508
So, the probability that fewer than eight people
respond yes is 0.8508
np 58
and
Ex. 4 Continued
Using the correction for continuity, you can rewrite
the discrete probability P (x 50) as the
continuous probability P ( x 49.5). The graph
shows a normal curve with = 58 and = 6.42,
and a shaded area to the right of 49.5.
Ex. 4 Continued
x 49.5 58
z
1.32
6.42
So, the probability that at least 50 will say yes is:
P(x 49.5) = 1 P(z -1.32)
= 1 0.0934
= 0.9066
Study Tip
In a discrete distribution, there is a
difference between P (x c) and P( x > c).
This is true because the probability that x
is exactly c is not zero. IN a continuous
distribution, however, there is no
difference between P (x c) and P (x >c)
because the probability that x is exactly c
is zero.
np 60
and
Ex. 5 Continued
Using the correction for continuity, you can rewrite
the discrete probability P (x 63) as the
continuous probability P ( 62.5 < x < 63.5). The
graph shows a normal curve with = 60 and =
5.59, and a shaded area between 62.5 and 63.5.
Ex. 5 Continued
The z-scores that corresponds to 62.5 and 63.5
are:
x 62.5 60
z
0.45
5.59
x 63.5 60
z
0.63
5.59
Ex. 5 Continued
So, the probability that at least 50 will say yes is: