Physics 130 Midterm 1

Review
NUPP
Nicholas Mucia

Outline
Review of Material

Chapter 1
Kinematics in 1D
Kinematics in 2D
Force

Test-Taking-Techniques (general and specific to

Physics 130)
Sample Problems ( I have some example problems
but feel free to ask me about others

CHAPTER 1

Concepts
Model- an analogy of a phenomenon

Theory-is an explanation for patterns in nature that is supported by

scientific evidence and verified multiple times by various groups of
researchers.
Law- concise explanation, often expressed as a mathematical equation,
to describe a generalized pattern in nature that is supported by scientific
evidence and repeated experiments. (F=ma

Principle less general than a law but nearly the same (Archimedes
principle)

Uncertainty
Informs about the level of precision of a given
measurement
Not to be confused with accuracy

We can also display uncertainty as a percent

Significant Figures
Informs about the precision of a measurement
When multiplying or adding or etc two numbers use the least number of
significant figures
1.7+2=3.7 round to 4
10.5*17=178.5 round to 180
Leading zeroes in a decimal and trailing zeroes do not count as significant
figures
1700 is two sig. fig.
0.00105 is three sig. fig.
1.00235 is six sig. fig.
If the problem has the words significant figures be careful, otherwise error
on the side of too many

Units
Measurement

Unit (mks)

Unit(imperial)

Length

Meter (m)

Feet

Time

Seconds (s)

seconds

Mass

Kilogram (kg)

pounds

Force

Newton (N)

Velocity

Meters per second (m/s)

acceleration

Meters per second

squared (m/s2)

Nearly every answer on the test will be a value of a measurement. You will only
get partial credit UNLESS YOU REMEMBER TO GIVE YOUR ANSWER UNITS.

Units
You do not need to memorize
these.
I highlighted the important ones.
Be careful when you convert units
Convert 10 millimeters into
kilometers

Quick Review
Estimate how long it would take a good runner to
run across the US?
How fast can a good runner run?
a) 0.1m/s b) 1m/s c) 10 m/s d) 100m/s

What is the distance from New York to California?

a) 5km b) 500km c) 5,000km d) 50,000km

Do not freak out! These problems are about making reasonable guesses.

Kinematics in 1D

Concepts
Mechanics- study of motion of objects and force and energy
Kinematics- how objects move
Dynamics- why objects move:forces
Frame of Reference- where you make the measurement
from
Coordinate Axes- defines up and down for problem
(Important: You choose the axes and some choices are
easier than others)
Displacement-change in position of object

Vectors
A vector has both MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION

Velocity
Acceleration
Distance
Force

Not a vector

Mass
Temperature
Time
Volume
Speed

Position
Where an object rests at a specific point of time.
We usually use Cartesian coordinate system with a
X-axis, a Y-axis and sometimes a Z-axis
Given relative to some fixed location

Velocity
How fast and in what direction is an object moving.

Speed vs Velocity
Speed is a scalar (only magnitude)
Velocity is a vector
Examples
A car is heading east at 4 meters per second
Speed: 4 m/s
Velocity: 4m/s east

Acceleration
How quickly or slowly does an object change
velocity.
Linear acceleration changes the speed of an object.
Circular acceleration changes the direction of an
object.

Deceleration vs Negative Acceleration

Equations with constant acceleration

Nearly every problem you encounter will have
acceleration as a constant.
Some problems will be broken up into parts which
must be solved separately
a=5 for 10 seconds then a=0 for 15 seconds

Free-Fall
Objects falling from a height or thrown upwards
Acceleration is a constant 9.8m/s2 DOWNWARDS or
towards the Earth

Kinematics in 2D

Kinematics in 1D times 2
Break vectors up into two ORTHOGONAL
coordinates.
The kinematics decouples and you can solve each
coordinate separately.
At the end simply combine the two coordinates.

Vector Arithmetic

Relative Velocity (Changing your point of

view)
Intuition makes all the difference here

Dynamics

Force and mass: What is weight?

A force is a push or a pull on an object
Mass is a quantity inherent to an object. Mass
quantifies the inertia, how hard an object is to move

Newtons Three Laws of Motion

Every body continues in its state of rest or of
uniform speed in a straight line unless acted on by
a nonzero net force.
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional
to the net force acting on it and is inversely
proportional to the mass (F=ma)
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second
object, the second exerts an equal and opposite
force on the first.

Newtons First Law

Inertia is the tendency of a body to maintain its
state of rest or its state of constant motion
Forces change the constant state
Frictional Forces are the reason things slow down
otherwise they would keep moving
Noninertial reference frames are reference frames
where Newtons first law does not hold (ie an
accelerating reference frame)

FORCE=MASS*ACCELERATION

F=ma

Free Body Diagram

End of Review

The Exam
1 hour exam
Equation sheet
2 Conceptual Questions
5 Free Response Questions (with equations and
math)

Conceptual Questions

Free Response Question

Equation Sheet

Ten Test Taking Tips

1) Dont freak out!
2) If you dont know something, dont be afraid to ask
Art

Ask Art
How many kisses is 50 hectokisses?
What is a hectokiss?
Hecto- means 100
5000 kisses

An airplane is travelling 785 km/h in a direction

38.5o west of north
Is west to the left of north?

Ten Test Taking Tips

1) Dont freak out!
2) If you dont know something, dont be afraid to ask
Art
3) RTFQ (Read the full question)
4) Analyze the question

Test taking tips

Ten Test Taking Tips

1) Dont freak out!
2) If you dont know something, dont be afraid to ask Art
3) RTFQ (Read the full question)
4) Analyze the question
5) Manage your time well (do not get stuck on one
question)
6) Leave no question unanswered. PARTIAL CREDIT
7) Check your answers against your intuition

7) Check you answers against your

intuition
Sally continually applies a force of 10N to a 70kg
box which is initially at rest. How fast is it going
after 10 seconds?

Ten Test Taking Tips

1) Dont freak out!
2) If you dont know something, dont be afraid to ask Art
3) RTFQ (Read the full question)
4) Analyze the question
5) Manage your time well (do not get stuck on one question)
6) Leave no question unanswered. PARTIAL CREDIT
7) Check your answers against your intuition
8) The best preparation is solving the old exams
9) It is just a test. Dont fret. Make sure to relax afterwards.
10) Graders make mistakes. When you get the exam back, check it!

Practice Problems

Practice 1: Numbers or Variables?

Practice 2: Point of View

Practice 3: Kinematics in 2D

Kinematics with Force

Free Body Diagram

Two Content Layout with Table

Group A

Group B

Class 1

82

95

Class 2

76

88

Class 3

84

90

FIRST BULLET POINT

HERE
SECOND BULLET POINT
HERE
THIRD BULLET POINT
HERE