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RICHARD ROGERS

Life history

Born 23 july 1933 in


Florence,Italy.

British architect known for


mordernist and functional designs

Graduated in Architecture
Association School in London

Pursued a masters degree in


architecture at Yale on a Fulbright
Scholarship

Important Buildings
Centre Pompidou, at Paris, France, 1972 to 1976.
PA Technology Center UK, at Hertfordshire, England, 1975 to
1983.
Lloyds Building, at London, England, 1979 to 1984.
INMOS Factory, at Newport, South Wales, 1980 to 1982.
PA Technology Center, at Princeton, New Jersey, 1982.
Palais des Droits de l'Homme, at Strasbourg, France, 1989 to
1995. at ArchitectureWeek
88 Wood Street, at London, England, 1993 to 2001.
Millennium Dome, at London, England, 1999.
Barajas New Area Terminal (NAT), with Estudio Lamela, at
Madrid, Spain, 2005
National Assembly for Wales, at Cardiff, Wales, 2006

Philosophy
o Inside out architecture
o Prefabrication and structural simplicity
o Exposing most of the building services (water, heating
and ventilation
ducts, and stairs)
o internal spaces open for visitors
This can be broken down around the ideas of
technology
flexibility
peoples place
experimental architecture + innovation
legible exposure of building components

Philosophy
Technology both literally and architecturally
Considering inspiration from futuristic architecture, technology has
been at the heart of bowellism.
Apart from designing generally hi-tech buildings he has made
immense use of passive heating/cooling strategies including natural
ventilation stacks, energy efficient curtain wall systems with 1 metre
air space using automatic motorized roller shades, orienting building
on site to best utilize sunlight, view cones etc.
And the hi-tech look of building is achieved with use of shiny
aluminium panels, large movable curtain walls making use of spider
clips etc.

Philosophy
Flexibility inside and outside
Buildings must be designed and positioned on site for future
expansion.
The inside of the buildings are generally large open flexible spaces
designed with movable walls since there is no interruptions from the
structure and plumbing systems.
Peoples place
Rogers buildings often have huge atriums that connect the inside to
the outside.
Special attention is also paid to the circulation in the building,
usually located centrally in the atrium space that provides a
democratic nature that serves not only the occupants but also the
public.
Even in residential designs, the living room is thought as a piazza
where the central location facilitates socializing.

Philosophy
Experimental architecture + research and development
Innovation has always been on RRs mind.
He was inspired by Buckys Dymaxion house not only in terms of
innovation but also pre-fabrication.
I specially found his Modular high-rise Industrialized housing
system project very interesting where he explores how a skyscraper
can be built with using factory assembled apartment units.
I felt so inspired by his experimental projects because they were
ambitious, innovation but also practical and well thought out.

Philosophy
Spilling the guts out
And finally, lets talk about RRs philosophy of placing the
mechanical, electrical and structural systems on the outside of the
building (bowellism).
This is done beautifully by colour coding all systems and making
them graphically legible.
It adds visual interest, clear sense of hierarchy, legibility and unique
look to the buildings.
This style makes sense since it supports technology, flexibility and
experimental nature of his work.

Lloyds
Building,
London

Section

1reception

2.exhibition

3.underwriters

4.viewing gallery

5atrium

6.office

7.roof terrace

8.cloakrooms

6
6
6
6
6
3

9.plant

3
2
8

7
6
6
6
4

Lowerbasement plan

1. Boiler

2. substation

3. generator

4. chillers

5. maintainance staff

6. air handling plant

7. strong room

8. goods lift

9. vehicle dock

10. vehicle lift

11. Squash court

Upper basement plan

1. Staff mess room


2. Mail room
3. Female
4. Male lavotories
5. Cleaners
6. Liveried staff
7. Telephone exchange
8. Offices
9. cloakroom
10. kitchen
11. Black box park
12. Old special dining

Lower ground level plan

1. Staff mess room


2 . mail room
3. female lovatories
4. male lovatories
5. maintainence
6. cleaners
7. liveried staff
8. telephone exchange
9. offices
10. cloakrooms
11. kitchens
12. black box park
13. old special dining room

Ground level plan

1. Underwriters entrance

2. Restaurant

3. Bar

4. Kitchen

5. Conference room

6. Exhibition space

7. library

Galleries 5and 6

1. Atrium

2. Office space

Galleries 11

1. Atrium

2. Special dining room

3. Admin room

Description
The Lloyds Building, consisting of twelve
stories to the north, stepping down to six
stories to the south.
Presently, the Lloyds Building with its
52,200 square metres gross area (37,500
square metres net area)
"The Room" takes all the area of the
ground floor and extends into the upper
second, third, and fourth floors.
The basic form of the building is that of

Office
spacessurmounted
take up theby
remaining
a large
atrium,
steel and
upper
floors. roof, surrounded by galleries
glass arched
(12levels of them on the north side)

GENERAL

Natural lighting
Stepping Form
The Lloyds Building, consisting
of twelve stories to the north,
stepping down to six stories to
the south, sunlight penetration
thus utilized.

the incorporation of the


atrium
The atrium was a key
feature in the reduction of
the loads coming from
lighting. The atrium
increases in volume and
surface area as it
progresses toward the
south.
The office levels increase
as the progress northward
allowing a large surface
area for diffused light
coming from the north.
A significant amount of
natural lighting reaching
down into "The Room"
demonstrates the success
in the design of the atrium.
Furthermore, every location
in the building is located
within 7 meters from a
natural source of light.

the served and servant


It was Kahns notion of served
and servant spaces inspired
Rogers. In the case of Llyods,
servant spaces concentrate in
towers.

Served zone
Servant
towers with
incorporation of
raised flooring
system and
ceiling viod

Strategy 2 served & servant

Served zone

Servant towers with


incorporation of raised
flooring system and ceiling
void
The services towers, 3 of
them principally for fire
fighting and escape.
The other 3 for lifts, lavatories
and risers, are the visual
expression of the Kahnian
doctrine of served and
servant spaces
Servant tower
plan

The towers carry majors plant rooms on top

The towers form a flexible framework for the


ventilation plant, lifts, service risers and lavatories
(all the 33 lavatory units were manufactured and
fitted out) attached to them.
Four towers carry major plant-rooms, with mains
services running vertically down the towers and
connected into each level of the building.
The largest services duct contained the airconditioning, with lesser duct for water, drains, power
and electronics

Main services running vertically


down the towers

Tower vertical planning

Served
zone

Typical detailed
layout services
tower
All the 33 prefabricated lavatory
pods were brought to the site on
trucks and then hoisted into
position prior to linking up to the
service riser
service risers with ducts for water,
drains, power and electronics
running vertically down the
towers and connected into each
level of the building

Access and escape routes were


provided by means of lifts and
staircases
The largest services duct
contained the air-conditioning
running vertically down the
towers and connected into each
level of the building.
Tower detailed
layout

The heat cycle


Heat from the return air is collected in
the basement sprinkler tanks and reused. The internal concrete soffits and
slabs are heat sinks, absorbing heat
during occupation and being cooled off
overnight using naturally chilled night
air.
This allow cooling to follow a 24-hour
cycle and reduces the peak cooling
requirement.
Air handling equipment is located at
basement level and in four service tower
plant-rooms.

Air cond. & heat cycle2

Design of the atrium


roof
A lightweight contrast to
the concrete
superstructure of the
building

Atrium Light steel roof

A significant amount of natural


lighting reaching down into G/F
demonstrates the success in the
design of the atrium.

mains services running


vertically down the towers
and connected into each
level of the building
through the raised floor
and ceiling void.

The layers of structure, services and cladding articulate the elevation

Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris


By Renzo Piano , Richard Rogers , 1971
1977

"Technology cannot be an end in itself but


must aim at solving long term social and
ecological problems.
Richard Rogers

The team's architectural


intention
Building on the lines of an
"evolving spatial diagram".
Large degree of flexibility.
Facades that would be
"information surfaces.
To maximise spatial movement
and
flow Phase
Design
1.A 3-level infrastructure
housing the technical facilities
and service areas,
2.A vast 7-level glass and steel
superstructure, including a
terrace and mezzanine floor

The style

revealed structure
exposed ducts
machine-precision aesthetics

VENTILATION DUCTS

Exposed first Time

COLOUR-CODED DUCTS

Air
Fluids
Electricity cables
Movement and flow
(elevators)
Safety
(fire extinguishers).

Movement and flow


Maximise functional movement and flow

Inside out.--Free from circulation and servicing

Attractive differences rather than soft-edged


harmony.

The building portrays its own datum .

This public display of components---steel skeleton


and
diagonal bracing as outcome of interior
requirement.

Unobstructed and adaptable interior volumes

The exterior zone of the structural frame is there to provide tension


forces outside the main volume's external columns, pulling the
cantilevered horizontal members downward to reduce the bending
forces on the floor span.-- eliminates the need for supporting
columns across the interior span of 157 feet (53.3 meters)
mechanical and air-conditioning services are then placed in the
exoskeletal frame.

Inside Pompidou
Public access to the
museum areas is not from
the escalator tubes, as the
building exterior seems to
suggest, but from doors
located centrally at the lower
edge of the plaza

Double-height
interior
forum connects the street
level with the plaza level in a
single volume .
Plaza-level reception area
also looks down into a
performance-level basement
where a theater and meeting
rooms are situated.

An interior escalator takes visitors


to the street level on the northwest
corner of the building
Small lobby connects to elevators
and the exterior escalator.-- visitors
can already look down 46 feet-- In
reality, the escalator serves only
the mezzanine, level four, and level
six

Horizontal

circulation

platforms

Critical Structural Issues Achieving column free space


In plan, the superstructure of the building
consists of three zones.
1.The middle zone contains the 157-foot clear
span across the building interior between the
main columns.
2.The outside two zones make up structural wall
frames to support and cantilever.
Outer tension in the wall frame act to reduce the
bending moments on the center of the span

As a Building
Structural exhibitionism
A symbol of process and technology

Turning the building inside out was the


most successfully realized architectural
intention.

Static monumentalism is out


dynamic servicing and flexible floor
A ceiling isn't required to shape a space,
space
is in.

as many urban
spaces. Our vision is more oriented to
the horizontal than to the vertical.

THANK YOU

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