PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER

NAGAMALLESWARA
RAO
VAMSHI PRASAD
ANIL KUMAR
SURESH
PAVAN SANDEEP

AIM :
To design photonic crystal fiber with ultra flattened dispersion
and loss less fiber by using the three different air hole diameters.

CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 structure of PCF

1.2 types of PCF

DESIGN
I. Parameters
II. Boundary conditions
III. Properties

CHARACTERISTICS
CONCLUSION

NTRODUCTION :
A Photonic crystal (pc) is a periodic
arrangement of dielectric materials.

pcs ability to inhibit the propagation of EM

waves (i.e photons) with well defined frequence

Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is a new class of

optical fiber i.e in the cladding region ,numerous
air-holes running along the length of the fiber

STRUCTURE OF PCF: (pitch)

Air - holes

Normalized frequency is given by

vPCF (

silica

CORE

2
) * * (core cladding )

TYPES OF PCF:
1 . High index guiding fibers (SOLID-CORE)
guiding light in solid core by M-TIR principle.
2 . Low index guiding fibers (HOLLOW CORE)
Guide light by photonic band gap.

Solid-core Holey fiber

core fiber SOLID CORE

Hollow

HOLLOW - CORE

HOLEY CLDDING FORMS

EFFECTIVE
LOW - INDEX MATERIAL

AIR - HOLES

ESIGNING

PARAMETERS:

1 . Core diameter ( d )
2 . Pitch ( )
3 . Air hole diameters
Depending up on the type of application we
can change the core material and diameters
of the air holes.
Core material

silica or polymers

Dispersion :
D Dg ( ) ( ) Dm ( )
Material dispersion
Geometrical dispersion

Confinement factor 1

The geometerical dispersion can be written as :

Dg ( , N ) fixed A( N ) Dg (
)
B( N )
M PITCH RATIO

and Dg (

( )
0

N AIR HOLE DIAMETER RATIO

, m) fixed

d /

d
)
d0

Dg ( )
M
M

Scaling transformations are

A( N ) a bN cN dN eN
2

[1 g cos( hN i )]
B( N ) N
A( N )
2

Where
a, b , c.are fitting coefficients
The confinement loss can be obtained as the imaginary
Part of the mode.

Lc 8.686 K 0 Im[neff ]
Wave vector at free space

Boundary conditions:
1 . For guided modes

Anisotrpic perfect matched layer(PML)

2 . For radiative modesPerfect electric conductor & perfect

magnetic conductor

PCF PROPERTIES :
1 . Number of modes
it depend on the v parameter &
density of
states.
2 . Dispersion
it relates with wavelength() & group
velocity
3 . Nonlinearity
it relates with power density.
4 . Bending Loses

CHARACTERISTTICS:
FLATTENED DISPERSION

Dispersion
(ps/nm/km)

LOSS
(dB/km)x 10-5

Wavelength ( meter)

Wavelength ( meter)

To control the dispersion & loss variation of PCFs by changing

the diameter of the different air hole diameters.
Number of air holes increases

confinement loss decreases

CONCLUSION:
By the variation of different diameters we can achieve desirable
Dispersion and loss.
Dispersion variation is

D=0.6 (ps/nm/km)

Loss is 1.6103 (dB/km)x 10-5

in the wavelength range of 1.55 pm to 1.7 pm
By the variation of number of air hole rings we can achieve
desirable reduction in loss.

REFERENCE:
A Novel Design of Photonic Crystal Fiber with Ultra-Flattened
Dispersion and Ultra-Low Loss.
BY
Sh.Mohammad Nejad, M. Aliramezani,
M. Pourmahyabadi

DATE: 8/08/2008