COMPRESSORS

Group Members:
M. Fahad
PP-038
Taha Hassan
PP-049
Ayesha Shoaib PP-032
Rimsha Khan
PP-037

WHAT IS A COMPRESSOR?
Compressors are mechanical devices that compress
gases.

WHY THE NEED?

Compressors have many everyday uses such as:

Air conditioners (in cars, homes)

Home and industrial refrigeration
Hydraulic compressors for industrial machines
Air compressors for industrial manufacturing

CLASSIFICATION OF
COMPRESSORS

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
COMPRESSORS
In this type the volume of the cylinder is reduced
mechanically to compress gas.

DYNAMIC COMPRESSORS
In this type the centrifugal force or the velocity of
moving gas is used for the compression of gas.

SINGLE-ACTING
COMPRESSORS
It is a compressor that has one discharge per
revolution of crankshaft.

DOUBLE-ACTING
COMPRESSORS
It is a compressor that completes two discharge
strokes per unit of crankshaft. Most of the heavy
duty compressors are double acting.

ROTARY SCREW
COMPRESSORS
Rotary screw compressors name given
because of two counter-rotating screws.
There are two types of rotary compressors:

Oil-injected
Oil-free

MECHANISM
1. Outside air first travels through a
filter.
2. Air goes through an inlet valve and
into the space between the
interlocking screws.
3. The air moves along and travels to
the other end of the compression
chamber.
4. The area in which the air is
contained gets increasingly smaller.
5. In Oil-Injected, mixture flows into a
separator tank where the two are
separated.

PROBLEMS
PROBLEM # 1
Compressor shuts down on high-temperature
POSSIBLE CAUSES:
Too low oil level
Wrong type of oil
Thermostatic valve not working
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
Make up the oil level.
Use the appropriate type of oil
Replace/Repair the thermostatic valve

PROBLEM # 2
Compressor does not build up pressure
POSSIBLE CAUSES:
Air leaks in shop
Inlet valve malfunction
Air demand exceeds compressor output
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
Find and fix shop air leaks
Check inlet valve for proper function
Check air usage requirements on machinery

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
In centrifugal compressors continuous conversion
of kinetic energy into pressure energy takes place.

MECHANISM
1. Low pressure gas enters
the compressor.
2. Gains kinetic energy and
pressure in impeller.
3. Kinetic energy is
converted in pressure
energy in the diffuser.
4. Gas leaves the compressor
at a higher pressure.

SURGING
A momentary back-flow through the compressor
from the discharge side to the suction side.
Occurs when mass flow of gas falls below a
critical level.
Surging causes:
Difficulty in maintaining the speed.
Temperature rise within the compressor.
Noise in the compressor.

ANTI SURGE SYSTEM

COMPRESSOR
COOLER

ANTI SURGE
CONTROLLER

ANTI SURGE
VALVE

RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSORS
A
reciprocating
compressor
or
piston
compressor
is
a
positive-displacement
compressor that uses pistons driven by a
crankshaft to delivergasesat high pressure.

MECHANISM
1. This type of compressor
uses piston-cylinder to
compress the air.
2. Piston moves back and
forth to compress the air.
3. Compressor takes inside
successive amount of air
and confine it in a closed
surface.
4. Piston moves upward and
compresses the air and
displaces it through
exhaust valve.

COMMON PROBLEMS
PROBLEM # 1
Compressor pump knocking
POSSIBLE CAUSES:
Loose motor pulley orfly wheel
Low oil level in pump
Carbon build up on valve or piston
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
Inspect/ Tighten pulley & flywheel
Check compressor pump oil level
Inspect valves & pistons for carbon build up

PROBLEM # 2
Low discharge pressure
POSSIBLE CAUSES:
Air leakage in lines
Leaking valves
Worn cylinder or piston rings
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
Tighten or replace leaking fittings
Inspect air lines or pipes in shop
Inspect/ Replace piston rings

PROBLEM # 3
Excessive oil discharge in air
POSSIBLE CAUSES:
Oil level in pump too high
Excessive duty cycle of pump
Worn cylinder or piston rings
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:
Reduce oil level
Reduce compressor duty cycle
Replace piston rings

THANK YOU!