DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING
PROGRAMME : M.TECH
BRANCH : FLUID ENGINEERING
COURSE : GAS TURBINE & JET
PROPULSION

PRESENTATION TOPIC

BLADE COOLING TECHNIQUE

COURSE COORDINATOR : Dr. BIRESWAR

PAUL

PRESENTED BY : NEERAJ
SHUKLA

THERMAL ISSUES
Gas Turbines are limited to lower operating temperatures due to
the materials available for the engine itself.
Operating at the lower temperature will decrease the efficiency of
the gas turbine so a means of cooling the components is necessary
to increase temperatures at which engine is run .
Blade Temperature may vary along the blade surface from LE to TE
by 200 to 300 K .
Blade temperature may also vary from the root to the tip of a rotor
.
Maximum blade temperature is felt at the LE of the first stator as
the flow comes from C.C.
HP turbine blades have maximum temperature and maximum
temperature gradient across both the rotor and the stator .
Blades are thermally loaded in cycles of operation .

TRENDS IN BLADE
COOLING

TIMELINE OF BLADE
COOLING
(1950 ) UNCOOLED BLADE

TEMPERATURE GRADIENT

BLADE COOLING
BLADE COOLING
EXTERNAL
INTERNAL
Transpiration
Convection
Impingement
TECHNIQUE
COOLING
COOLING
cooling
or
cooling
effusion cooling

WATER COOLING
Liquid cooling seems to be more attractive because of high
specific heat capacity and chances of evaporative cooling but
there can be problem of leakage, corrosion, choking, etc.
which works against this method .
It may overcool the blade ( due to its high heat transfer
coefficient ) which is not desirable .

EXTERNAL COOLING
The external surface of the gas turbine blade is cooled by
making use of compressed air from the compressor .
The quantity of air required for this purpose is from 1 to 3
% of the main flow entering the turbine stage .
Blade metal temperature can be reduced by about 200-300
C.

FILM COOLING
It is applied to local
areas by drilling holes
(up to dia. of 0.15 mm
) on precision cast
blades by the process
EDM ( Electric
Discharge
Machining ) .
The cooling air flow
out of these small
holes forms a thin film
over the blade
surfaces .
Besides cooling the
blade surface it
decreases the heat
transfer from the hot

TRANSPIRATION
COOLING
In this the air is allowed to
effuse or sweat from the pores
of the porous blade metal .
This provides a blanket of
cool air , insulating the metal
of the turbine blade from the
hot gas .
Effusion of the coolant over
the entire blade surfaces cause
uniform cooling of the blade .
Sintered wire composites are
the most commonly used
transpiring materials.

CONVECTION COOLING
It works by passing cooling air
through passages internal to the
blade .
Heat is transferred by conduction
through the blade, and then by
convection into the air flowing
inside of the blade .
The internal passages in the
blade may be circular or elliptical
in shape .
Cooling is achieved by passing
the air through these passages
from hub towards the blade tip.
This cooling air comes from an
air compressor .

IMPINGEMENT COOLING
Impingement cooling, works by
hitting the inner surface of the
blade with high velocity air.
This allows more heat to be
transferred by convection than
regular convection cooling does .
Impingement cooling is used in
the regions of greatest heat
loads.
In case of turbine blades, the
leading edge has maximum
temperature and thus heat load .
Blades are hollow with a core.
Cooling air enters from the
leading edge region and turns

EFFECT OF INCREASED INLET

TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE RATIO

EFFECTS OF COMBINATION OF
COOLING TECHNOLOGIES

STATOR BLADE

ROTOR BLADE

REFERENCES
WIKIPEDIA
NPTEL
GAS TURBINES BY V GANESHAN

THANK YOU