GROUP NUMBER 7

GROUP MEMBERS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

DHARCCANADEVI A/P DORAIRAJ

141081393
NUR AIN BINTI ISA
141081426
NURUL JANNAH BINTI NORDIN
141081446
NOR AZUANA BINTI TAIB
141082614
NOR LAILA AZWA BINTI SUTEKNO
141081423

LAB ASSIGNMENT

Given a modulating signal with modulation of 7Vp

and frequency of 20Khz, modulating a carrier with
frequency of 200Khz and 10Vp. Create your own kind
of AM based on this input. Analyzed the performance
of your circuit in terms of modulation index, AM
envelope and its spectrum. Compare your simulated
result with theory.

INTRODUCTION.
AM SIGNAL AND MODULATION
INDEX
AM is one of the modulation
techniques where the amplitude of
the carrier signal is changed
accordingly to the modulation index.
In the modulation process, the
baseband voice, video, or digital
signal modifies another, higherfrequency signal called the carrier,
which is usually a sine wave. A sine
wave carrier can be modified by the
intelligence signal through amplitude
modulation, frequency modulation, or
phase modulation.

Figure 1 : AM, the information

signal varies the amplitude of
the carrier sine wave. The
instantaneous value of the
carrier amplitude changes in
accordance with the amplitude
and frequency variations of the
modulating signal.

FORMULA

Figure 2 : An AM wave showing

peaks (Vmax) and troughs (Vmin).

In amplitude modulation, it is particularly

important that the peak value of the modulating
signal be less than the peak value of the carrier.
Mathematically ,
Vm < Vc

PROCEDURE

The circuit are connected like a figure 3 using ADS Software.

By using tune parameter, the values of R1, R2, C1 and L1
was tuned to get approximately values of Vmax and Vmin.

Figure 3: Circuit construct using ADS Software

THEORETICAL ( MODULATION INDEX )

Questions : Given a modulating signal with modulation of 7Vp and
frequency of 20Khz, modulating a carrier with frequency of 200Khz and
10Vp. Create your own kind of AM based on this input. Analyzed the
performance of your circuit in terms of modulation index, AM envelope
and its spectrum. Compare your simulated result with theory.

=10-7=3V

=10+7=17V

THEORETICAL (SIDEBANDS CALCULATION)

When only a single-frequency sine wave modulating signal is
used, the modulation process generates two sidebands in
figure 4.

Formula :

= 200kHz +
20kHz

= 200kHz
20kHz

Figure 4 : A frequency-domain display of an AM signal (voltage).

SIMULATED RESULTS
( MODULATION INDEX)

SIMULATED RESULTS
( MODULATION INDEX)

SIMULATED RESULTS VS
THEORETICAL

SIMULATED RESULTS VS THEORETICAL

=0.004W

=0.004W

CONCLUSION
From this lab assignment, we have examined the
principle of amplitude modulation and their application
to various system.
The AM signal and its derivatives scheme basically
involved the controlled shifting of the signal spectrum
to various point along the frequency scale.
The additional of a carrier frequency is used to aid in
waveform demodulation. If the added value carrier
amplitude is large, an envelope detector can correctly
demodulate the waveform. This principle is used in
commercial AM broadcasting.