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Reading and

Writing
Independence
Writing is a
written form of
self expression
of what you
really feel

Objectives:
At the end of the report/discussion, the
students are expected:
To be able to identify the stage/level of
literacy of a child based on his/her
activities in Oral Language, Reading skill,
and Writing skill.
To be able to create activities
appropriate to the stage/level of literacy
of a child.
To be able to apply the knowledge and
skills acquired to teaching Reading and

Concepts
1. Five stages of early literacy

learning according to Cooper


and Kiger
2. Reading and Writing

Independence

Cooper and Kiger (2001)


Identified the five stages of early literacy

learning which involve oral language,


reading and writing skills of children.
These stages involve:
Early emergent literacy stage
Emergent literacy stage
Beginning reading and writing stage
Almost fluent reading and writing stage
Fluent reading stage

Cooper and Kiger (2001)


Provided the behavior and

performance indicators of
emergent learners in oral
language, reading and writing
from the early stages as they
depend so much on literate adults
who provide support, and as they
progress to achieve total
independence in learning.

Early Emergent Literacy


Oral Language
Read Aloud
Story Telling
Make-up stories
Verbal requests
Oral directions
Inquiries
Word-play

Early Emergent Literacy


Reading
Beginning concept of print
Labeling
Naming
Picture Reading
Literature enjoyment

Early Emergent Literacy


Writing
Scribbling
Drawing
Markings on Paper
Letter-like shapes
Writing attempts

Emergent Literacy
Oral Language
Growing oral language facility
Oral language of story read
Pleasure in oral language

Emergent Literacy
Reading
Acquired concept of print
Recognition of environmental

print
Letter-sound recognition
Word recognition
Meaning construction

Emergent Literacy
Writing
Spelling and writing conventions
Familiarity with writing process
Meaning construction

Beginning Reading and Writing


Oral Language
Self-corrected speech
Increased oral language
Vocabulary
Pleasure in words

Beginning Reading and Writing


Reading
Additional recognition skills and

strategies
Meaning construction

Beginning Reading and Writing


Writing
Varied writing behavior
Growing use of mechanism and

convention
Employed writing process

Almost Fluent Reading and Writing


Oral Language
Moving towards language

fluency
Increased pleasure in language
use

Almost Fluent Reading and Writing


Reading
Regular use of word recognition

skills and strategies


Growing meaning construction
Varied reading purposes

Almost Fluent Reading and Writing


Writing
Varied writing purposes
Pleasure in writing

Fluent Reading and Writing


Oral Language
Increased vocabulary
Appreciation to importance of

speech

Fluent Reading and Writing


Reading
Capable decoder with

comprehension skills
Critical reading
Varied reading strategies
Perceived self as a competent
reader

Fluent Reading and Writing


Writing
Purposeful writing
Pleasurable writing
Persuasive writing
Self-editing
Peer-editing
Perceived self as a competent

writer

Reading Independence of A Learner

Writing Independence of A Learner

Question:
How can you describe the
independence of a learner in
reading and writing?

Activity (by group)


In a manila paper, list down activities
that involves oral language, reading
and writing, appropriate for each
stages of literacy.

Reporters:
Rosvie Apple Buenaventura
Melanie Bunagen
Joan Joy Bulos
Crisha Salonga
Kaycee Agapito
Mariel Sagcal
Cleverlyn Amador
Justine Ellis San Jose
BEEd III-A Group 1

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