GSM Procedure

GSM Procedures
Alcatel/MCD
GSM Procedures (DRAFT)
Aim & Contents
Aim
To give a precise view of the transactions on the network (Air, A-bis and A Interface).
To present the different OMC-R Performance Management Counters according to
these transactions
To detail the failures scenario
Contents
Introduction to the GSM Protocol
Radio and Link Establishment : seizure of the SDCCH channel (the Immediate
assignment procedure)
The Normal Assignment procedure
SDCCH to TCH without congestion
SDCCH to TCH with congestion and Directed Retry
Originating Call
Terminating Call
Location Updating
The Handover procedure
Intra cell Handover
Internal (synchronous and asynchronous) and External Inter cell Handover
The Call Release procedure

The Channel Release procedure
Alcatel/MCD
GSM Protocol (1)
Alcatel/MCD
GSM Protocol (2)
Layer 3 description
RR : Radio Ressource Management
MS and BTS and BSC
Functions
Paging Management
Ciphered Mode Management
Frequency Redefinition
Dedicated Channel Assignment
Handover Management
Measures and Power Control
MM : Mobility Management
MS to MSC / VLR
Functions
Authentifcation / Identification Procedures

Location Updating
IMSI Attach / Detach
Connections Management
CC : Call Control
MS to MSC
Functions
Alcatel/MCD
Call processing and routing

DTMF Facilities
GSM Protocol (3)
Logical Channels
PCH
Alcatel/MCD
PCH
Paging Channel
RACH
Random Access Channel
AGCH
Access Grant Channel
SDCCH
Stand-alone Dedicated Channel
SACCH
Slow Associated Channel
TCH
Traffic Channel
FACCH
Fast Associated Control Channel
RACH
AGCH
SDCCH + SACCH
TCH/FACCH + SACCH
Radio & Link Establishment (1)
Definition
RR Management contains the functions related to the management of the common
transmission ressources
Four Procedures are part of the Radio and Link Establishement :
The Paging Procedure
The Random Access Procedure
The Immediate Assignment Procedure
SCCP Connection Establishement Procedure
Examples
The Radio & Link Establishement is involved in MOC and MTC as :
MOC
Random Access Procedure
MTC
Paging Procedure
Random Access Procedure
Alcatel/MCD
Radio & Link Establishment (2)

MS
ST3126
BTS
Channel Request
BSC
Channel Required
C40
C39
Channel Activation
SDCCH
Channel Act Ack
C8b
ET3126
MSC
C8c
C04
ST9103
C11
ET9103
C05
Immediate Assignment
Command
ST3101
Est Ind [L3 Info]
ET3101
UI Imm Assignment
SABM [L3 Info]
UA [L3 Info]
C01
or C02
SCCP Con Rqrd [L3]

SCCP Conn Confirm
Alcatel/MCD
ST9105
ET9105
Radio & Link Establishment (3) - Error
SDCCH congestion :
When the BSC receives the Channel Required, no SDCCH is available. The BSC discards
the Channel Request.C04 is incremented.
Expiry of T9103:
C05 & C11 are incremented.
BSC initiated RF Channel Release towards the BTS .
Negative Answer to Channel Activation :
The Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge is received by the BSC with the causes :
The BSC release the SDCCH connection by starting the Call Release Procedure.
A interface, BSC initiated the SCCP release call release towards the MSC.
On the RF Part, BSC initiated release towards the MS/BTS.
Reception of Establish Indication - No Layer 3 Information
Alcatel/MCD
No establishment on the Layer 3. C05 is incremented.

BSC initiated RF Channel Release towards the BTS.
Expiry of T9105 :
In all cases C05 & C11 are incremented.
Expiry of T3101 :
Radio Channel Already allocated / activated. BSC initiated channel release towards the MS/BTS.
Other causes : Local Release (no message exchange appears on Abis interface) of the radio channel
in the BTS
Local Release (no message exchange appears on Abis interface) of the radio channel in
the BTS
Radio & Link Establishment (5) - Error
Event hanlding on Abis interface

Error Indication
Cause :
T200 Expiry : guarding the exchange of SABM and UA frames
Unsollicited DM Response (for Disconnect Mode)
Sequence Error
Release :
A Interface : Clear Request - Radio Interface Failure
BSC intiated Channel Release towrards the MS/BTS, abnormal release, "no
activity on the radio path"
Connection Failure indication (Cause : Radio Link Failure)
A Interface : Clear Request - Radio Interface Failure
BSC initiated RF Channel Release towards BTS
In all cases
C06 is incremented for Release up to 3.1
C138 is incremented for Release 3.2 & 3.3
Release Indication
When receiving a DISC frame from the MS
A interface : Clear Request - Radio Interface Failure
BSC initiated release towards the MS/BTS due to MS disconnection
Alcatel/MCD
Authentification & Identification & Ciphering &

TMSI Reallocation Procedure (1)
Authentification
MS
BTS
Authentification Req
Authentification Resp
BSC
MSC
ST3260
ET3260
TMSI Realloc
Ciphering
Identification
*Authentification Reject*
Alcatel/MCD
Identification Request
Identification Response
Identification Response
ST3270
ET3270
Ciphering Mode Cmd

Ciphering Mode Cmp
Encryption Command
Identification Resp
Ciphering Mode Cmd
Ciphering Mode Cmp
Ciphering Mode Cmp

TMSI Realloc Cmd
TMSI Realloc Cmd

TMSI Realloc Cmp
TMSI Realloc Cmd

TMSI Realloc Cmp
ST3250
ET3250
TMSI Realloc Cmp
10
Authentification & Identification & Ciphering &

TMSI Reallocation Procedure (1) - Definition and Error
Authentification Procedure errors :

Unsuccessfull Identification :
If the TMSI was used, the network initiate the Identification

procedure. If the IMSI given by the MS differs from the one the
network has associated with the TMSI, the authentification should
be restarted.
If the IMSI was used, the Authentification Reject is send. In this
case the SIM is considered invalid.
Expiry of T3260 : at the first expiry the network send another
Authentification Request. At the second expiry, the network release the MM
procedure.
Identification Procedure error :

Expiry of T3270 : at the first expiry the network send another Identification
Request. At the second expiry, the network release the MM procedure.
TMSI Reallocation Procedure error :

Expiry T3250 : at the first expiry the network send another request. At the
second expiry, the network release the MM procedure.
Alcatel/MCD
11
The Normal Assignment Procedure (1)
Definition :
When a traffic channel is required
Particular case
OACSU
Queueing
Directed Retry
Alcatel/MCD
12
The Normal Assignment Procedure (2) - No Congestion

MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Assignement Request
Physical Context Request

Physical Context Confirm
C38
C37
C16
Channel Activation TCH

Channel Activation Ack.
Assignment Command
SABM (FACCH)
UA
Assignment Complete
Assignment Command
ST10
ST9108
ET9108
ST9103
ET9103
ST3107
Release Req (SDCCH)

Establish Indication
Assignment Complete
C18
ET3107
Assignment Cmp
ET10
RF Channel Release (SD)

RF Channel Release Ack.
Alcatel/MCD
13
The Normal Assignment Procedure (3) - Congestion & DR

MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Assignment Request
Queueing Indication
ST11
Congestion
C13
Physical Con Req
ET11
At this time, a TCH become free
Assignment Request
Directed Retry
Queueing Indication
ST11
C13
Channel Activation
Chan. Act. Ack.
T
T
ST312
4
ET3124
HO CMD
HO Access
Phys. Info
SABM (FACCH)
UA
HO CMP
ET11
HO CMD
S
T
ST910
3
A Handover alarm is raised.

A target BTS is selected
ET910
3
ST3103
HO Detection
T
T
T
T
HO CMP
ET3103
Assignment Cmp
Alcatel/MCD
14
The Normal Assignment Procedure (4) - Error

MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Assignment Request
Case 1
Assignement Failure
Case 2
ST11
T11 Expiry
Assignment Request
Queueing Indication
Clear Request
Assignment Request (1)
Queueing Indication (1)
Assignment Request (2)
ST11 (1)
Case 3
Assignment Failure (1)
ET11 (1)
Queueing Indication (2)

ST11 (2)
Case 4
Channel Activation
T9103 Expiry
Alcatel/MCD
ST9103
Assignment Failure
15
Congestion
Queueing is not allowed or the queue is full : C12 is incremented
Queueing is allowed but the queue is full and no request of lower priority
can be dequeued
Case 1 : No RF Channel is available and Queueing is not selected.

No RF Channel is available and there is no buffer available for queueing.
Assignement Failure(A Int) - Cause "No Radio Ressource Available"
C12 is incremented
Case 2 : The TCH was queued and during T11, no TCH becomes free.
Clear Request (A Int) - Cause "No Radio Ressource Available"
BSC initiated normal release towards the MSC
C12 is incremented
Case 3 : The request is dequeued due to Higher priority (Assignment Request

or Handover Request)
Assignment Failure (A Int) - Cause "No Radio Ressource Available"
C12 is incremented
Alcatel/MCD
16
Case 4 (T9103 Expiry) : No answer to Channel Activation

Assignment Failure (A Int) - Cause "Radio Interface Failure"
BSC Initiated RF Channel Release towards the BTS
C14 (C14b) is incremented
T9108 Expiry : The BTS has not responded to the physical context procedure.
Impact : the Channel Activation will not contain the timing advance information
Reception of Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge

Several cause of the Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge :
Channel Already Activated (CAA): BSC Initiated Channel Release towards MS/BTS
Radio Ressoucre Not Available (RRNA) - Protocol error (PE) : Local Release
Requested trancoding rate not supported (RTRNS) : Local Release
Encryption algorithm not implemented (EANI) : Local Release
O&M Intervention (OI) : Local Release
Assignment Failure (A Int)
For Chnav Neg Ack cause EANI, cause "Ciphering Algorithm not supported"
Other cause : "Radio Interface Failure"
C14 (C14b) is incremented
Alcatel/MCD
17

MS
BTS
Assignment Command
Case 1
SABM
UA
SABM
UA
SABM
UA
Assignment Failure
Case 2
ASS CMD (Error)

Assignment Failure
Assignment Command
Case 3
BSC
Assignment Command
ST3107
Assignment Failure
ET3107
ASS CMD (Error)

Assignment Failure
Assignment Failure
Assignment Failure
Assignment Command
ST3107
Error Indication
T3107 Expiry
ST9110
ET9110
Alcatel/MCD
MSC
Assignment Failure
Clear Command
Clear Complete
18
Case 1 : Assignment Failure received on the old Channel
Case 2 :Assignment Failure received on the old channel due to error in

Assignment Command
Alcatel/MCD
Assignment Failure : cause "Radio Interface Message Failure" and start T9110
Old and New channel are released : BSC initiated RF channel Release towards BTS. Cause of the
release : abnormal release - timer expired.
MSC sends a Clear Command to clear the call as response to the Assignement Failure. Stop T9110
New Assignment Requested are refused.
Error Indication
The MS discovers an arror in the message and responds directly an Assignement Failure
Assignment Failure : cause "Reversion to Old Channel"
BSC initiated RF Channel Release towards the BTS (TCH previously activated)
Case 3 : T3107 Expiry
Due to error connecting onto new TCH Channel

MS attaches to the new Channel and send SABM to the BTS, BTS attemps to send the UA to the
MS. The UA is lost on the Air interface and the MS attemps N200 times.
After N200 times, the MS return to the old Channel and establish it.
Assignment Failure : cause "Reversion to Old Channel"
BSC initiated RF Channel Release towards the BTS (TCH apreviously activated)
Assignment Failure (various causes) , both channels (SDCCH and TCH) are released
C146b is incremented (BSS Release 3.2 & 3.3 only)

19
Error during directed retry
The candidate cell list is empty

A Interface : Assignment Failure - No Radio Ressource Available
Channel Activation : Expiration of T9103

Assignment Failure (A Int) - Cause "Radio Interface Failure"
Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge
Channel Already Activated (CAA): BSC Initiated Channel Release towards MS/BTS
Radio Ressoucre Not Available (RRNA) - Protocol error (PE) : Local Release
Requested trancoding rate not supported (RTRNS) : Local Release
Encryption algorithm not implemented (EANI) : Local Release
O&M Intervention (OI) : Local Release
Assignment Failure (A Int)
Alcatel/MCD
For Chnav Neg Ack cause EANI, cause "Ciphering Algorithm not supported"
Other cause : "Radio Interface Failure"
T3103 expiry : No reception of HO Failure or HO Complete

A interface : Assignment Failure - Radio Interface Message Failure
BSC initiated Channel release towards the MS/BTS for the Old and New Channel
Reception of HO Failure from MS
A Interface : Assignment Failure - Reversion to Old Channel
New Channel : BSC Initiated RF Channel Release towards the BTS
No counters in R3
20
Terrestrial Channel not Available

C19 is incremented
Error Report
C14 (C14b) is incremented during normal assignment
C14 (C14c) is incremented after successfull normal assignment
Error Indication
C146b if during normal assignment procedure
C20 is incremented up to Release 3.1
after successfull TCH
assignment
after successfull TCH
assignment
Connection Failure Indication (Cause Radio Link Failure) only

after successful TCH assignment
C20 is incremented up to Release 3.1
Alcatel/MCD
21
Mobile Originating Call - No OACSU

MS
BTS
RR Connection Establishement
BSC
MSC
ESTIN (CM_Serv_Req)
CM_Serv_Req
C02
Authentification Procedure
Ciphering Procedure
TMSI Realloc Procedure
Ciphering Procedure
Ciphering Procedure
SETUP
SETUP
SETUP
Call Proceeding
Call Proceeding
Call Proceeding
Assignment Procedure
Alerting
Alerting
Alerting
Connect
Connect
Connect
Connect Ack.
Connect Ack.
Connect Ack.
Speech
Alcatel/MCD
22
Mobile Originating Call - OACSU

MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
ESTIN (CM_Serv_Req)
CM_Serv_Req
C02
Ciphering Procedure
Ciphering Procedure
SETUP
SETUP
SETUP
Call Proceeding
Call Proceeding
Call Proceeding
Alerting
Alerting
Alerting
Connect
Connect Ack.
Connect
Connect Ack.
Ciphering Procedure
Connect
Connect Ack.
Speech
Alcatel/MCD
23
Mobile Terminating Call

MS
BTS
Paging Request
BSC
Paging Command
C8a
ESTIN (Paging Resp)
MSC
Paging
C23
ST3113
Paging Response
ET3113
C01
Ciphering Procedure
Ciphering Procedure
Ciphering Procedure
SETUP
SETUP
SETUP
Call Confirmed
Call Confirmed
Call Confirmed
Alerting
Alerting
Alerting
Connect
Connect
Connect
Connect Ack.
Connect Ack.
Connect Ack.
Speech
Alcatel/MCD
24
Location Updating
MS
BTS
BSC
ESTIN (Loc Up Req)
MSC
Loc Up Req
ST3210
C02
Ciphering Procedure
Loc Up Accept
Channel Release
Ciphering Procedure
Loc Up Accept
Channel Release
DISC
Deactivate SACCH
UA
Release Indication
Ciphering Procedure
Loc Up Accept
ET3210
Clear CMD
RF Ch Release
RF Ch Release Ack
Clear CMP
Alcatel/MCD
25
Internal Handover (1)
Definition
IntraCell Internal Handover : Channel change performing between two RF Channel
belonging to the same cell. HO detection cause are 15 or 16 (High level interference
on UL or DL).
Intercell Internal Handover : Handover performed between cells belonging to the same
BSS.
Causes (priority order) :
Cause 2 & 4 : Too Low Quality (UL & DL)

Cause 3 & 5 : Too Low Level (UL & DL)
Cause 8 & 9 : Too low level in a microcell compared to a low threshold (UL & DL)
Cause 7 : Several consecutive Bad SACCH frames received (rescue microcell HO)
Cause 17 & 18 : Too low level in a microcell compared to a high threshold (UL & DL)
Cause 10 & 11 : Too low level, inner zone (inner to outer zone HO, concentric cell) (UL & DL)
Cause 13 : Too high level on the UL and DL, outer zone (outer to inner zone HO, concentric cell)
Cause 14 : High level in a neighbour microcell for macrocell to microcell HO.
Cause 6 : Too long MS-BS distance
Cause 12 : Power Budget ("Better Cell HO")
Synchronous Handover
Performed between cells that are synchronized (BTSs and BSC are close to each other allowing the
synchronization of the cells by sharing the same clock signals
Synchronous HO is faster than Asynchronous Handover
Alcatel/MCD
26
Internal Handover (2) - Intra Cell

MS
BTS
BSC
Measurement Rep
C38
C37
OC
NC
C40
C39
C15
Measurement Res
Decision for Intra cell HO
OC
Phys Context Req
ST9108
OC
Phys Context Conf
ET9108
NC
Channel Activation
ST9103
NC
Channel Activation Ack
ET9103
OC
Assignment Command
ST3107
Assignment Command
SABM
UA
MSC
NC
NC
Assignment Complete
NC
Assignment Complete
C10
C17
C62
C102
OC
RF Channel Rel
OC
RF Channel Rel Ack.
ET3107
Handover Performed
ST_RCR_ACK
ET_RCR_ACK
OC : Old Channel
NC : New Channel
Alcatel/MCD
27
Internal Handover (3) - Intra Cell - Error
T9108 Expiry : The BTS has not responded to the physical context procedure.
Congestion
No RTCH on the required Cell is available : C61 is incremented

C101 is incremented in case of SDCCH channel
Note : C12 is incremented for congestion on HO only for external TCH HO
T9103 Expiry : No answer to Channel Activation
Impact : the Channel Activation will not contain the timing advance information
The porcedure is aborted

No message send through A Interface
SDCCH Handover : C09 is incremented / TCH Handover : C14 is incremented
C104 is incremented
Reception of Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge
Procedure is aborted
Alcatel/MCD
Channel Already Activated (CAA): BSC Initiated Channel Release towards MS/BTS (NC)
Radio Ressoucre Not Available (RRNA) - Protocol error (PE) : Local Release (NC)
Requested trancoding rate not supported (RTRNS) : Local Release (NC)
Encryption algorithm not implemented (EANI) - O&M Intervention (OI) : Local Release (NC)
No message send through A interface

SDCCH Handover : C09 is incremented, C05 is incremented
TCH Handover : C14 (C14a) is incremented
C104 is incremented
28
Internal Handover (4) - Intra Cell - Error
T3107 Expiry
A Interface : Clear Request : cause "Radio Interface Message Failure"

Old and New channel are released : BSC initiated RF channel Release towards BTS. Cause of the
release : abnormal release - timer expired.
SDCCH Handover : C07 & C103 are incrmented
TCH Handover : C21 & C63 are incremented
Assignement Failure
Receive from the MS on the old Channel while :
BSC initiated channel release towards the MS/BTS (New Channel)

SDCCH Handover : C08 is incremented
C107 is incremented
Other problems
Alcatel/MCD
Waiting for Establish Indication

Waiting for Assignement Complete
Error Report
Connection Failure Indication
Release Indication
Error Indication
LAPD failure
In all cases, C64, C05 and C14 are incremented
29
Internal Handover (5) - Inter Cell - Synchronous

MS
BTSserving
Meas Report
C38
BSC
BTStarget
Meas Result
C37
C40
HO Alarm & Candidate Cell

Phys Context Req
ST9108
Phys Context Conf
ET9108
C39
Channel Activation
C15
Channel Act Ack.

HO Command
MSC
ST9103
ET9103
HO Command
ST3103
HO Access
HO Detection
ST3106
SABM
ST200
ET3106
Establish Ind
UA
ET200
Handover Complete
ST3103
Handover Complete
C10
C17
C52
C92
C56
RF Channel Release
RF Channel Rel. Ack.
Alcatel/MCD
C96
Handover Performed
ST_RCR_ACK
ET_RCR_ACK
30
Internal Handover (6)- Inter Cell - Asynchronous

MS
BTSserving
Meas Report
C38
BSC
BTStarget
Meas Result
C37
C40
C39

Channel Activation
C15
Channel Act Ack.

HO Command
ST3103
C55
Physical Info
ET3124
C7x, ...
ST9103
ET9103
HO Command
HO Access
ST3124
MSC
HO Detection
ST3105
SABM
ST200
ET3105
Establish Ind
UA
ET200
Handover Complete
Handover Complete
C10
C17
C52
C56
ST3103
C92
Handover Performed
Phys Context Req
ST9108
Phys Context Conf
ET9108
RF Channel Release
RF Channel Rel. Ack.
Alcatel/MCD
C96
ST_RCR_AC
K
ET_RCR_AC
K
31
Internal Handover (7) - Inter Cell - Error
Congestion
No RTCH on the required Cell is available : C51 & C91 are incremented
T9108 Expiry
Same behaviour as the Intracell Handover

TCH Handover : C14 (C14a) & C54 are incremented
C05 & C95 are incremented
T9103 Expiry
Alcatel/MCD
32
Internal Handover (8) - Inter Cell - Error
T3103 Expiry
A Interface : Clear Request : cause "Radio Interface Message Failure"
Old and New channel are released : BSC initiated RF channel Release towards BTS.
Cause of the release : abnormal release - timer expired

SDCCH Handover : C07, C93 & C98 are incremented
TCH Handover : C21, C53 & C58 are incremented
Handover Failure
Received on the old Channel from the MS
BSC intiated RF Channel release on the BTS (old Channel)
TCH Handover : C22, C53 & are incremented
T200 Expiry
MS can send up to N200 SABM frames
Connection Failure Indication

Cause : Handover Access Failure
BSC intiated RF Channel release on the BTS (old Channel)
Alcatel/MCD
33
Internal Handover (9) - Inter Cell - Counters
Incoming Handover (Target BTS)

C51 : HO failure due to lack of Radio Ressource
C52 : HO Complete
C53 : Connection failure of the MS on the target cell :
T3103 expires
Handover Failure
Note : the MS may or may not revert to the old channel
C54 : internal BSS problem during Channel activation
Error Report
T9103 Expires
LAPD Failure
Outgoing Handover (BTS Source)

C55 : HO Command received on the Abis Interface
C56 : HO Complete received on the Abis Interface from the Target Cell
C57 : HO Failure received on the Abis Interface from the Serving Cell
C58 : T3103 expiry (increments also C21)
C59 : Failure due to internal BSS Problem
LAPD Failure or Error Indication or Error Report

Alcatel/MCD
34
External Handover (1) - Inter Cell - Synchronous

MS
BTSserving
Meas Report
BSCserving
BTStarget
C37
C40
C39
MSC
Meas Result
ST7
C38
BSCtarget
C15
HO Required C45
HO Request
Channel Activation
ST9103
Channel Act Ack.
ST9103
HO Request Ack.
HO Command
HO Access
ST3124
ET3124
Phys Information
SABM
ST200
ST9113
HO Command
HO Detection
HO Command
ET7
ST8
ST3103
Establish Ind
SCCP Con Required
UA
Handover Complete
ETrr2
ST3106
ET3106
ET200
STrr2
SCCP Con Conf.

Handover Complete
C10
RF Channel Release
C17
HO Complete
C42
ET3103
C46
RF Ch. Rel. Ack.
Clear Command
Clear Complete
ET8
SCCP Released
SCCP Rel. Cmp.
Alcatel/MCD
35
External Handover (2) - Inter Cell - Errors

MS
BTSserving
BSCserving
BTStarget
BSCtarget
MSC
MSC Handover Failure

Meas Report
Meas Result
HO Required
ST7
HO Required Reject
ET7
Meas Report
Meas Report
Meas Result
C7x,...
STHO_Req_Rej
Meas Result
ETHO_Req_Rej
Meas Report
Meas Result
HO Required
MS Handover Failure
HO Command
HO Command
HO Command
ST3103
ST8
SABM
UA
HO Failure
HO Failure
C08
Alcatel/MCD
C22
ET8
C87
HO Failure
C47
ET3103
36
T7 Expiry
T8 Expiry
SDCCH Handover : C07 & C88 are incremented
No Terrestrial Traffic Channel available : C19 is incremented
Congestion :
If Queueing is enabled : C13 is incremented
If Queueing is disabled : C12 is incremented
If Queueing is enabled and the request can't be queued : C12 is incremented
T9103 Expiry
A Interface : Handover Failure - Radio Interface Failure
BSC initiated Rf Channel Release towrards the BTS
Alcatel/MCD
37
T9113 Expiry
A Interface : Clear Request - Radio Interface Message Failure
BSC intiated Release towards the MS/BTS
TCH Handover : C43 is incremented / SDCCH Handover : C83 is incremented
Internal BSS Problem

Channel Activation negative acknowledge

Channel Already Activated :
A Interface : Handover Failure - Radio Interface Failure

BSC initiated Release towards the MS/BTS
All other causes :
A Interface : Handover failure - Radio Interface Failure
Local Release
SDCCH Handover : C09 is incremented / TCH Handover : C14 & C44 are incremented
Connection Failure indication (Cause : Handover Access Failure)

A Interface : Clear Request - Radio Interface - Failure
Clear Command
Cause Radio Interface Failure - Reversion to Old Channel
Alcatel/MCD
38
External Handover (5) - Inter Cell - Counters
Incoming Handover
C41 : RTCH HO fails on the target BSS due to lack of Radio Channel Ressoucre or
problem with Terrestrial Channel Ressource allocation

HO Required send to the MSC
No free TCH to allocate to the HO (even after Queuing)
Terrestrial Channel Ressource cannot be seized
C42 : Successful RTCH HO completed on the Target BSS

HO Complete received from the Target cell on Abis Interface
C43 : the MS fails to seize the target RTCH
Connection Failure Indication (HO_Access_Failure) or T9113 expiry or Clear Commad (RIF ROC)
C44 : HO failure due to internal BSS problem

Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge or LAPD error detecetd on the Abis interface or
T9103 expiry
Outgoing Handover
C45 : HO Required for RTCH HO on the A interface
C46 : Clear Command cause HO Successful
C47 : Handover Failure - RIF - ROC on Abis Interface
C48 : T8 Expiry (increments also C21)
C49 : RTCH HO Failure due to internal BSS Problem
LAPD failure or Error Report
Alcatel/MCD
39
Call Release (1)

MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Call Release by the MS

Disconnect
Disconnect
Disconnect
Release
Release
Release
Release Complete
Release Complete
Release Complete
Call Release by the Network
Alcatel/MCD
Disconnect
Disconnect
Release
Release
Release
Release Complete
Release Complete
Release Complete
Disconnect
40
Call release (2) - Link Release
Introduction
Air Interface & A Interface release are run separatly
When in a channel change it appears that the MS is lost, a release protocol
to the MS will be initiated
MS Release
Channel Release to the MS
BSC Initiated Channel Release towards the MS/BTS
Radio Link Failure
BTS Channel release

BSC intitiated
RF Channel Release to the BTS
BTS initiated
A Interface call release procedure

MSC may initiate a call release in the BSS -> CLEAR COMMAD
BSC may initiate a call release in the MSC -> CLEAR REQUEST
Alcatel/MCD
41
Call release (3) - Link Release - MS Release

MS
BTS
MSC
Channel Release (DCCH)
ST3110
Desactivate SACCH
DISC (FACCH)
ET3110
BSC
Release Indication
UA
C38
C40
ST3111
Phy Context Request
T3111 Expiry
ST9108
Phy Context Confirm
ET9108
RF Channel Release
ST_RCR_ACK
RF Channel Release Ack
BSC Initiated Channel

Release towards the MS
ET_RCR_ACK
No SACCH received from the MS
Connection Fail Ind

RF Channel Release
RF Channel Release Ack
Alcatel/MCD
Radio Link Failure

ST_RCR_ACK
ET_RCR_ACK
42
Call release (4) - Link Release - A Interface Release

BSC
MSC
C21
BSC Initiated Normal

Call Release towards the MSC
ST9104
Clear Request
C20
C136
ET9104
Clear Command
C139
C137
ST9101
ET9101
Clear Complete
SCCP Released
SCCP Released Complete
Clear Command
MSC Initiated Normal

Call Release towards the BSC
Alcatel/MCD
Clear Complete
ST9101
SCCP Released
ET9101
SCCP Released Complete
43

GSM Procedure

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GSM Procedure

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GSM Procedures

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

Aim & Contents

The Call Release procedure

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

GSM Protocol (1)

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

GSM Protocol (2)

Authentifcation / Identification Procedures

Call processing and routing

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

GSM Protocol (3)

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

Radio & Link Establishment (1)

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

Radio & Link Establishment (2)

Est Ind [L3 Info]

SCCP Con Rqrd [L3]

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

Radio & Link Establishment (3) - Error

C05 & C11 are incremented.

BSC initiated RF Channel Release towards the BTS .

Negative Answer to Channel Activation :

Reception of Establish Indication - No Layer 3 Information

No establishment on the Layer 3. C05 is incremented.

In all cases C05 & C11 are incremented.

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

Radio & Link Establishment (5) - Error

Event hanlding on Abis interface

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

Authentification & Identification & Ciphering &

Ciphering Mode Cmd

Ciphering Mode Cmp

Ciphering Mode Cmp

TMSI Realloc Cmd

TMSI Realloc Cmd

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

TMSI Realloc Cmp

Authentification & Identification & Ciphering &

Authentification Procedure errors :

If the TMSI was used, the network initiate the Identification

Identification Procedure error :

Request. At the second expiry, the network release the MM procedure.

TMSI Reallocation Procedure error :

second expiry, the network release the MM procedure.

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

The Normal Assignment Procedure (1)

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

The Normal Assignment Procedure (2) - No Congestion

Physical Context Request

Channel Activation TCH

Release Req (SDCCH)

RF Channel Release (SD)

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

The Normal Assignment Procedure (3) - Congestion & DR

At this time, a TCH become free

A Handover alarm is raised.

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)

The Normal Assignment Procedure (4) - Error

Assignment Failure (1)

Queueing Indication (2)

GSM Procedures (DRAFT)