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BY
MUHAMMAD ALI KHAN

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF ISLAM

ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY

Political System of Islam

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Political System

Concept_State
Components
Features

Islam v/s Democracy

Islam v/s Theocracy
Welfare State and Islam
Is Practical Sharait Possible
Why Islamic State

Concept
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A political system is a system of politics and

government

Who should have authority

Role of Religion
Government's influence on its people

In a political system is a way of the

government makes a policy and organize
the administration
The sine qua non for a political System is _
State

Components of State
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Constitution

Masses

Voter
Citizen

Government

Sovereignty
Sources of Law

Foreign Policy
HR
Administration

Ideology
Territory

Form of Govt
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Anarchism (Rule by no
one)
Democracy (Rule by the
popular vote)
Monarchy. (Rule by one
person)
Meritocracy (Rule by best)
Technocracy (Rule by
experts)
Theocracy (Rule by God
and his representatives)

Oligarchy (Rule by a
few)
Aristocracy (Rule by
nobles)
Plutocracy (Rule by
money)
Socialism (Rule by
equality)

Kleptocracy
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Klepto (thief) and Cracy (rule),

"Rule By Thieves" is a form of political and
government corruption where the government
exists to increase the personal wealth and
political power of its officials and the ruling
class at the expense of the wider population,
often without pretense of honest service
This type of government corruption is often
achieved by the embezzlement of state funds
and legalizing the illegal

Political System of Islam

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Political System of Islam where Religion and politics are one and the
same in Islam. They are knotted.

The Islamic Political System is based on the following main

principles:

Sovereignty of Allah

Sovereignty means the source of power. In Islam, Allah is the source of all powers
and laws (3:154, 12:40, 25:2, 67:1)

Khilafah of Mankind (Vicegerency of man). Man is the vicegerent, the agent or the
representative of Allah on earth (2:30, 6:165).

Legislation by Shura (Consultation). Islam teaches us to run a government, to

make legislation and decisions by the process of Shura. Shura means "to take
decisions by consultation and participation" (3:159, 42:38).

Accountability of government

Independence of judiciary

Equality before law

Equality for all citizens before the law. One who fears Allah swt most is the noblest
in Islam (49:13).

Nature of state in History

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Khalafat
Malokiyat-

Rules of Holy 4
Khalafat after Khalafat
Rashida
Mahaniyat- Rules of unjust power
Qarooniyat- Arrogance of wealth
Firaooniyat- Rules of Pride
Husaniyat- To fight against Tyranny
Yazidiyat Rule of Injustice

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Concept of Islamic State

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The vision of an Islamic

state

To implement the divine law.

The ideal Islamic state is a community
governed by the Law revealed by God
Islamic state is not a theocracy under
direct rule of the learned men of religion,
nor is it an autocracy that vests absolute
power in the ruler

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Models of Islamic
Democracy

One

Where Islam is the state religion

Some religious values are incorporated into public
life
but Islam is not the only source of law.
Examples Malaysia,Algeria,Maldives

Second

Where Islam is the state religion

A state which endeavors to Institute Shraih
Include religion into the affairs of the state
Example Pakistan

Cont
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Third

Where Islam is not a state religion

Legislation consider Shriah
Islam is not in life of masses

Epilogue
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Democracy with its principles of limited

government, public accountability,
checks and balances, separation of
powers and transparency in governance
does succeed in limiting mans
sovereignty
The problem of the Muslim world is that
we dont yet know what democracy
looks like

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Conclusion-Purpose of Islamic
State

Rule of Allah
Amer bil maroof wa nahi anil munkir (promote
the right and forbid the wrong (22:44).)
The state is responsible for the welfare of all its
citizens - Muslims and non-Muslims alike.
It must guarantee the basic necessities of life. All
citizens of the Islamic state shall enjoy freedom
of belief, thought, conscience and speech.
Every citizen shall be free to develop his
potential, improve his capacity, earn and
possess.

Cont..
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A citizen shall enjoy the right to support or oppose

any government policy which he thinks right or
wrong with the following in mind
The Islamic state shall ensure a fair distribution of
wealth. Islam does not believe in equal distribution
as it is against the law of creation.
There is not a single perfect Islamic state in the
world today. There are many Muslim countries.
An Islamic state is based on the model of Prophet
Muhammads (PBUH) state in Madinah while a
Muslim state is one which has a majority Muslim
population and some Islamic features.

Is Islamic State Possible

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As form of Government
As Social System
As Political System
As constitution
As a State
Or mere implementing Islamic
Punishments ?
Or only declaring Islam as state Religion ?

Concept of Welfare State

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1.

Concept in west
Concept in Islam
Features of an Islamic
welfare state

7.
8.
9.
10.

Basic human rights

responsibility of the state

2.

Sovereignty

3.

Self-imposing mechanism

4.

Non-muslim as a head?

11.

5.

Status of man

12.

Individual freedom
( religious and social)

13.

6.

14.

No slavery
Avoids religious enmity
Rule of law
(Everyone is equal by
law ,No one is above law
( no concept of
immunity) ,One law for
all.)
Basic rights
Equality
Duties of Citizens
Ataat-e-ameer

Islam and Democracy

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Elements

Islam

Democracy

Sovereignty

Allah is sovereign

Masses/Parliament/

Status of masses

4 statuses: vicegerent, Caliph,

Ashraf-ul-makhloqat, human
being

Accountability

In life and After Death

Type of
government

Legistaltion of Shura
(consultation)

Territory

No defined territory.
Concept of Ummah

Constitution

Quran and Sunnah (permanent) Laws of the land (flexible)

Tenure of
government

Life-span of Caliph

Fixed

Basic rights

Food, clothing, shelter,

education

Freedom of expression and

association

Nature of
government

Rule of all (Baeyat)

Rule of majority

Criminal Law

Hadood

Voter

to the law of the land

Presidential/ Parlimentary etc
Fixed territory
Nationalism

Laws of parliament. CPC etc

Islam and Theocracy

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Concept
Examples:
- After pure
political system: Late
80s government of
Zia, Iran, Taliban,
Italy
- Without
political system :
Vatican and Saudi
Arabia.

Features of theocracy

1.

Rule of priest

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Religious elites, religious ideas

and religious institutions
Constitution is influenced by
religious ideas
Political parties and leadership
have religious vergence
Political obligations are
considered religious obligations
Foundation of religion is linked
with political process
Establishment of any religion
by constitution