OMF000001 Um Interface and Radio Channels ISSUE2.1

Um Interface and
Radio Channels
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1.
Overview
2.
Processing of Voice Signal
3.
Radio Channel
Page2
Radio Interface
Another MSC
PSTN
ISDN
BTS
BSC
MS
A-bis
MSC/VLR
HLR/AUC
MS
Um
SMC
OMC
Page3
Hierarchical Structure of Um
Interface
Communication management (CM)
Network application layer (L3)
Mobility and security management
(MM)
Radio resources management (RR)
Data link layer (L2)
RACH
Physical link layer (L1)
Integrated management
BCCH
AGCH/PCH
SDCCH
SACCH
TCH
TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 SACCH TCH23 IDL

Multiframe
Page4
FACCH
Radio Access Technology

Time
Time
TDMA
FDMA
Frequency
Frequency
Time
CDMA
Code
Frequency
Page5
Radio Access Technology

Time
Time
TDMA
FDMA
Frequency
Frequency
Time
CDMA
Code
Frequency
Page6
Contents
1.
Overview
2.
3.
Radio Channel
Page7
Voice Signal Processing

20ms
A/D
Voice
8KHz 13bit
Segme
ntation
Speech
coding
13kbit/s
Channel coding
22.8kbit/s
33.8kbit/s
Interleaving
Encryption
Burst formatting
Modulation
Page8
Transmission
Speech Coding
The coding mode is called Regular Pulse ExcitedLong Term Prediction (RPE-LTP).
It works as follow: 8KHZ of sampling is performed

first, then divided into frames with 20ms; every
frame has 4 sub-frames; the duration of every subframe is 5ms; and the pure bit rate is 13kbit/s.
Page9
Channel Coding
+3
50bit
*2+4
Block
coder
132bit
Excited
coder
78bit
Page10
456bit
Interleaving
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ...
First interleaving:
....
... 452 453 454 455 456
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
1
9
2
10
3
11
4
12
5
13
6
14
7
15
8
16
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
449
.
450
.
451
.
452
.
453
.
454
.
455
.
456
....
Second interleaving:
{A4,B0}
{A5,B1}
{A6,B2}
{A7,B3}
{B4,C0}
{B5,C1}
{B6,C2}
Page11
{B7,C3}
Interleaving
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ...
First interleaving:
....
... 452 453 454 455 456
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
1
9
2
10
3
11
4
12
5
13
6
14
7
15
8
16
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
449
.
450
.
451
.
452
.
453
.
454
.
455
.
456
....
Second interleaving:
{A4,B0}
{A5,B1}
{A6,B2}
{A7,B3}
{B4,C0}
{B5,C1}
{B6,C2}
Page12
{B7,C3}
Voice Burst
33
57
57
11
26
26
11
57
57
Page13
33
Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should
send the signal in advance!!
TA
Transmission delay t
Page14
Timing Advance (TA)

The mobile phone should
send the signal in advance!!
TA
Page15
Frequency Hopping
Frequency
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Frame
Time
Page16
Frequency Hopping
Frequency
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Time
Frame
Page17
DTX
DTX: Discontinuous Transmission
Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;
Only transmit SID frames
The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.
VAD: Voice Activity Detection
Implemented by the transcoder.
Prolong battery life and

reduce interference
Page18
DTX
DTX: Discontinuous Transmission
Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;
Only transmit SID frames
The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.
VAD: Voice Activity Detection
Implemented by the transcoder.
Prolong battery life and

reduce interference
Page19
Power Control
Prolong battery life
Reduce network interference
Include both uplink power control and downlink power control
Level and quality are taken into account
BSC or BTS is the final adjudicator
Signal level
Target level value:

e.g. -85 dm
BCCH Carrier is not

involved in power control.
Time
Page20
Contents
1.
Overview
2.
3.
Radio Channel
Page21
Frame and Channel

Frequency
200kHz
Time
BP
Slit
15/26ms
Page22
Logical Channel Type
GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel category

Logical channel
Dedicated channel
(DCH)
Common channel
(CCH)
Broadcast control channel

(BCH)
FCCH
SCH
Common control channel

(CCCH)
BCCH
PCH
(system information)
AGCH
RACH
Voice channel
(TCH)
Control channel
FACCH
SDCCH
SACCH
Page23
TCH/F
TCH/H
Downlink Logical Channel

Common
Channel
BCCH
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
CCCH
PCH
AGCH
SDCCH
Dedicated
Channel
DCCH
SACCH
FACCH
TCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
Page24
Downlink Logical Channel

Common
Channel
BCCH
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
CCCH
PCH
AGCH
SDCCH
Dedicated
Channel
DCCH
SACCH
FACCH
TCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
Page25
Uplink Logical Channel
RACH
CCCH
SDCCH
SACCH
DCCH
Common
channel
Dedicated
channel
FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
TCH
Page26
Uplink Logical Channel
RACH
CCCH
SDCCH
SACCH
DCCH
Common
channel
Dedicated
channel
FACCH
TCH/F
TCH/H
TCH
Page27
Use of Logical Channels

off state
Search for frequency correction burst
FCCH
Search for synchronization sequence
SCH
Read system information
idle mode
dedicated
mode
BCCH
Listen paging message
PCH
Send access burst
RACH
Wait for signaling channel allocation
AGCH
Call setup
SDCCH
Assign traffic channel
SDCCH
Conversation
TCH
Call release
FACCH
idle mode
Page28
Burst
Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Tail bit
8bit
Data
41 synchronous
bits
Guard interval
Tail bit
36 encrypted
bits
3bit
68.25bit
Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization

between MS and BTS
Tail bit
Data
3bit
142bit
Tail bit
Guard interval
3bit
8.25bit
Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS

and BTS
Tail bit
Data
3bit
39 encrypted
bits
Data
64 synchronous bits
39 encrypted
bits
Tail bit
Guard interval
3bit 8.25bit
Page29
Burst
Normal burst (NB): Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and
the control channel except for RACH
Tail bit
Data
3bit
57 encrypted bits
Training sequence
1 26bit 1
Data
57 encrypted bits
Tail bit
Guard interval
3bit
8.25bit
Frame
stealing
flag
Dummy burst (DB): Used in transmission of filling frames by

BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Tail bit
3bit
Tail bit
142 modulation bits
3bit
Page30
Guard interval
8.25bit
Physical Combination of Logical

Channel
26-frame multi-frame
TCH/F+SACCH/F (full-rate TCH)
TCH/H+SACCH/H (half-rate TCH)
51-frames multi-frame
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH)
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4 (combined BCCH)
BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH)
SDCCH/8+SACCH/8 (main SDCCH)
Page31
Structure of Main BCCH

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,
4
Group
Group1
Group2
(same
Grpup5
as
Group2)
Channel
Frame
BX4
CX4
Numbe
2-5
6-9
10
CX4
CX4
12-
16-
15
19
20-39
CX4
CX4
42-
46-
45
49
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink
r
Channe
RR
10
11
12
13-46
47
Frame
Numbe
r
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Page32
50
Structure of Combined
BCCH
Group
Group1
Channel
Channel
Frame
Number
Group2
Group3
2-
6-
12
16
15
19
10
11
20
21
Group4
Grpup5
22
26
32
36
25
29
35
39
30
31
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms
A0
A1
A2
A3
42
46
45
49
40
Uplink
41
50
Channel
D34
A24
A34
RR
D04
D14
D24
Channel
D04
A04
A14
RR
D04
D14
D24
0-3
6-9
10-13
14-36
37-40
41-44
45
46
47-50
Frame
Number
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; I:IDLE; R:RACH

Page33
Structure of Logical Channel

Combination Frame-Main SDCCH
Channel
Channel
Frame
Number
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
A0
A1
A2
A3
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
A4
A5
A6
A7
0-3
4-7
8-
12-
16-
20-
24-
28-
32-
36-
40-
11
15
19
23
27
31
35
39
43
44-
47
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel
Channel
Frame
Number
A5
A6
A7
A1
A2
A3
0-3
4-7
811
12
13
14
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
A0
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
A4
23-
27-
31-
35-
39-
43-
47-
26
30
34
38
42
46
50
1518
19
22
D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE

Page34
Structure of Logical Channel

Combination Frame-TCH
1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms
Channel
Frame
Number
TT
6
11
12
T,,,T
13
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
T:TCH;A:SACCH; I:IDLE
Page35
Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)
0
TCH
SACCH/T
FACCH
2045
2044
2046
1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds)

1
0
0
47
49
24
1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms)

0
48
24
BCCH
CCCH
SDCCH
25
1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

25
1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

2
3
4
5
6
49
26 training
TB
58 information bits
sequences
3
Frequency correction burst (FB) TB
Constant bit 142
3
TB Information bit 39
Extended training sequence 64
Synchronous burst (SB)
3
TB Synchronous sequence 41
TB
Information bit 36 3
Access burst (AB)
3
50
1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
Normal burst (NB)
50
2047
58 information bits
Information bit 39
TB
3
TB
3
GP
8.25
GP
8.25
TB GP
3 8.25
GP 68.25
Page36
TB: Tail bit

GP: Guard period
Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)
TCH
SACCH/T
FACCH
2045
2044
2046
1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds)

1
47
49
24
1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms)

0
48
50
2047
BCCH
CCCH
SDCCH
25
1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)
24
25
49
50
1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

0
1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
TB
58 information bits
3
Frequency correction burst (FB) TB
3
TB Information bit 39
Synchronous burst (SB)
3
TB Synchronous sequence 41
Access burst (AB)
3
Normal burst (NB)
26 training
sequences
58 information bits
Constant bit 142

Extended training
sequence 64
Information bit 36
TB
3
TB GP
3 8.25
TB GP
3 8.25
TB GP
Information bit 39 3 8.25
GP 68.25
Page37
TB: Tail bit

GP: Guard period
Configuration of Common Control

Channel
Downlink CCCH
PCH
Uplink CCCH
AGCH
RACH
How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to

allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?
Page38
CCCH Grouping
The GSM system supports various kinds of channel

combinations (GPRS not taken into account), in
which the main BCCH, extended BCCH, combined
BCCH, and the BCCH+CBCH combination contain the
CCCH, i.e. all of the four combinations support the
MS access. The MS are distributed to different CCCH
groups based on this fact.
Page39
CCCH Grouping
The GSM specifies that the CCCH can be mapped to

timeslots 0, 2, 4 and 6 but the extended BCCH
combination can only be mapped to timeslots 2, 4
and 6 because it does not contain FCCH and SCH.
Therefore, all MS synchronize with the base station
at timeslot 0 and access the network via different
CCCH.
Page40
Paging Group
The GSM system supports a maximum of 99=81

paging groups. the MS can be divided into 81 subgroups at most from the opinion of the paging group.
No matter what combination mode is adopted, the
number of blocks used for paging in every 51 multiframe does not exceed 9. The system enables the 51
multi-frame to cycle again , with a quantity of BSPA-MFRAMS (number of frames of the same paging)
of 51 multi-frames as a period.
Page41
Paging Group
In GSM terms, the paging block in any 51 multiframe

is called a paging super-group. Therefore, the
number of paging super-frames in the system is the
number of frames of the same paging. The number
of paging groups in each super-group is (9 or 3)
number of access granted reserved blocks.
Page42
Questions
Whats the rate of voice coding ?
What are the advantages of discontinuous

transmission (DTX)?
What types of logical channels are there?
Page43
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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Um Interface and

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Processing of Voice Signal

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data link layer (L2)

Physical link layer (L1)

TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 SACCH TCH23 IDL

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radio Access Technology

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radio Access Technology

Processing of Voice Signal

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Voice Signal Processing

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

It works as follow: 8KHZ of sampling is performed

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

... 452 453 454 455 456

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

... 452 453 454 455 456

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Timing Advance (TA)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Timing Advance (TA)

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;

Only transmit SID frames

The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;

Only transmit SID frames

The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.

VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prolong battery life

Reduce network interference

Include both uplink power control and downlink power control

Level and quality are taken into account

BSC or BTS is the final adjudicator

Target level value:

BCCH Carrier is not

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Processing of Voice Signal

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Frame and Channel

Logical Channel Type

GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel category

Broadcast control channel

Common control channel

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Downlink Logical Channel

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.