Elektroplating silver

Ari
Tommy pranata
Berry
Supran

Characteristic properties of
silver:
Very highthermal conductivity(highest of all

metals);
Very high electrical conductivity (highest of all
metals) and low contact electrical resistance;
Highductility;
Good chemical resistance (silver is attacked
only by nitric acid , hot sulfuric acid and
ozone);
Bright lustrous appearance.

Silver electroplating stages are as follows :

1. precleaning
2. Soak cleaning
3. Rinse
4. Preservation *
5. Rinse *
6. Stainless *
7. Rinse *
8. Rinse ( aqua DM / distilled water )
9. ELEKTROPLATING silver
10. Rinse ( aqua DM / distilled water )
11. Rinse
12. Anti- tarnish ( eg lacquare , organic or rhodium plating ) *
13. Rinse
14. drying

Chemicals needed :

1. soak cleaning solution

2. pickling solution ( depending on the type
of base metal ) .
3. undercoating solution ( depending on the
type of base metal and gloss look which is
expected ) .
4. The silver electroplating solution
5. The anti- tarnish solution

The metals substrates which are

plated by silver:
Gold
Copper
Nickel
Steels. Prior to silver plating the steel

surface is coated by copper/copper-silver

from copper/copper-silver strike solution.
Aluminum. Prior to silver plating aluminum
surface is zincated.

The silver lining is used for :

a. Jewelry.
b. Souvenir .
c. Connectors and contactors as products for

electronic and electrical devices .

d. Bearing.
e. PCB to be easily soldered .
f. Waveguide , microwave filters for
telecommunications equipment .
g. Anti bacteria are widely applied in the
beverage industry , machinery AC ( Air
Conditioner)

Example electroplating silver

Video electroplating silver

The most reliable and widely used process of silver

deposition is cyanide silver plating.

Cyanide silveris theElectroplatingprocess utilizing an
electrolyte containing silver cyanide solution and some
free cyanide and operating at PH value not less than 8.
Free cyanide prevents precipitation of silver cyanide salt
from the solution, provides electrical conductivity of the
electrolyte and helps dissolution of silver anodes.
Cyanide silver plating is used for decorative and
engineering applications.
Common cyanide silver process includes two stages:
silver strike coating followed by general silver plating.

Silver strike
Silver

strikeis a very thin deposition of silver from an

electrolyte containing low concentration of silver ions and high
concentration
of
free
cyanide
ascomplexing agent.
Silver
is
a
noble
metal
having
high
value
of
standard electrode potential. When a metal with lower electrode
potential (less noble) is dipped into a silver cyanide solution the
metal atoms are displaced by silver ions, which are deposited
on the surface. This electroplating process is called immersion
deposition. Immersion deposition is characterized by weak
adhesionto
the
substrate.
Silver strike prevents immersion deposition of silver providing
good adhesion of the coating to the workpiece surface. Silver
strike coating has dull powdery appearance and low mechanical
strength therefore it is used only as an adherent layer overcoated
by
bright
silver.

Silver

strike process
Bath compositions for silver strike
Silver(Ag):

0.3 oz/gal (2.2 g/l)

Potassium cyanide (KCN): 13 oz/gal (100 g/l)
Water: reminder

Silver

cyanide (AgCN): 0.5 oz/gal (4 g/l)

Potassium cyanide (KCN): 13 oz/gal (100 g/l)
Water: reminder

Silver

cyanide (AgCN): 0.6 oz/gal (4.5 g/l)

Sodium cyanide (NaCN): 10 oz/gal (75 g/l)
Water: reminder

Silver

potassium cyanide (KAg(CN) 2): 1 oz/gal (7.5 g/l)

Potassium cyanide (KCN): 11 oz/gal (80 g/l)
Water: reminder

Copper-silver strike for steel substrates

Silver potassium cyanide (KAg(CN)2): 0.4 oz/gal (3 g/l)
Copper cyanide: 1.25 oz/gal (10 g/l)
Potassium cyanide (KCN): 11 oz/gal (80 g/l)
Water: reminder

Silver strike for nickel/nickel coated substrates

Silver cyanide (AgCN): 0.12 oz/gal (1 g/l)
Sodium cyanide (NaCN): 6.7 oz/gal (50 g/l)
Water: reminder

Operating conditions:
Anodes: silver or stainless steel
Cathode current density: 20-25 A/ft2(2.2-2.7 A/dm2)
Voltage: 6-8 V
Temperature: room
Striking time: 0.5-1 min, 5 min for barrel plating
The plated parts should be electrically connected before entering the bath )

prevent immersion deposition)

Cyanide silver bath compositions:

Silver cyanide (AgCN): 4 oz/gal (30 g/l)
Potassium cyanide (KCN): 6 oz/gal (45 g/l)
Potassium carbonate (K 2CO3): 4 oz/gal (30 g/l)
Water: reminder

Silver(Ag): 5 oz/gal (37.5 g/l)

Free potassium cyanide (KCN): 15 oz/gal (110 g/l)
Potassium carbonate (K 2CO3): 13 oz/gal (100 g/l) maximum
Water: reminder

Silver(Ag): 4 oz/gal (30 g/l)

Free potassium cyanide (KCN): 16 oz/gal (120 g/l)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH): 0.8 oz/gal (6 g/l) maximum
Water: reminder

Barrel plating:
Silver(Ag): 3 oz/gal (22.5 g/l)
Free potassium cyanide (KCN): 15 oz/gal (110 g/l)
Potassium carbonate (K2CO3): 13 oz/gal (100 g/l) maximum
Water: reminder

Operating conditions:
Anodes: silver or stainless steel
Cathode current density: 25 A/ft2(2.5 A/dm2)
Temperature: room
Cathode agitation: cathode rod movements 6-15 ft/min (2-6 m/min)
Filtration: at least 1 turnover/hour
Silver consumption: 0.13 oz/A*hr (4 g/A*HR)
Time for deposition 1 m (0.04 inch) at 1.5 A/dm 2: 1 min.

Non-cyanide

silver plating
Environmental and safety considerations have stimulated development of cyanidefree silver plating formulations.
Non-cyanide

bath compositions:

Silver(Ag):

0.5-1.0 M
Potassium carbonate (K2CO3): 0.2 M
Succinimide (C4H5NO2): 0.5-0.7 M
Water: reminder

Silver

iodide: 8 oz/gal (60 g/l)

Sodium iodide: 67 oz/gal (500 g/l)
Polyvinyl alcohol 0.13 oz/gal (1 g/l)
Sodium thiosulfate 0.16 oz/gal (1.2 g/l)
Water: reminder

Silver

as silver chloride: 5.3 oz/gal (40 g/l)

Sodium thiosulfate 67 oz/gal (500 g/l)
Potassium metabisulfite 4 oz/gal (30 g/l)
Water: reminder

Non-cyanide silver plating

Environmental and safety considerations

have stimulated development of cyanidefree silver plating formulations.

Some of these new non-cyanide processes
have been already implemented in the
electroplating industry.
Besides of non-poisonous composition
cyanide-free silver plating provides good
adhesionwithoutsilver striketreatment.

Non-cyanide bath compositions:

Silver(Ag): 0.5-1.0 M
Potassium carbonate (K2CO3): 0.2 M
Succinimide (C4H5NO2): 0.5-0.7 M
Water: reminder

Silver iodide: 8 oz/gal (60 g/l)

Sodium iodide: 67 oz/gal (500 g/l)
Polyvinyl alcohol 0.13 oz/gal (1 g/l)
Sodium thiosulfate 0.16 oz/gal (1.2 g/l)
Water: reminder

Silver as silver chloride: 5.3 oz/gal (40 g/l)

Sodium thiosulfate 67 oz/gal (500 g/l)
Potassium metabisulfite 4 oz/gal (30 g/l)
Water: reminder

Deffect
1.Keretakan
2.Permukaan menjadi kasar karena tidak
bersih
3.Perpindahan dari anoda ke katoda tidak
bagus akibat jarak
4.Permukaan terbakar karena temperatur
tinggi
Deffect terjadi jika salah satu parameter
tidak sesuai
Parameter yang mempengaruhi hasil plating
yaitu tegangan(voltage), elektrolit, jarak