Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
India
Divya
Nishant Goyal
Anurag Arora
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Shivansh Agarwal
Vernacular architecture
Latin word Vernaculus means domestic,
native, indigenous.
Vernacular architecture is a category of
architecture based on localized needs and
construction materials, and reflecting local
traditions.
Vernacular architecture is
influenced by:
Localized needs
Local construction material
Local traditions
Hence, varies from area to area.
Factors influencing
vernacular architecture
Climate
Season wise
Rainfall
Winds
Effect of Culture on
Architecture
Size of family unit- Joint family or
nuclear family?
How is food prepared and eaten?
How do people interact?
Local customs and beliefs.
Materials
Architecture in
Himachal Pradesh
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Reasons to choose
Himachal
Major Challenges
Frequent and Seismic Tremors.
Problems of soil erosion and land slides.
Suitable orientation on the hill slopes.
Existence of tall shoddy trees and dense forest
area, which obstruct the winter sun required
for the buildings.
Limitations on the height of the building due
to earthquake risk.
High cost involved in the site development due
to the cuttingand the filling process.
Non-availability and transportation problems
of construction materials
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Building Materials
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Deodar Wood
Easily available, one of the strongest indian
conifers.
Imparts stability to tall structures.
This wood is insect and termite resistant and
even when untreated, can withstand long
periods of weather corrosion.
Used in making posts, beams, window and
door frames, shutters, roofs etc.
Soft wood, easy to work in absence of high tech
tools.
Its properties were understood early and its
texture and scent have been prized
for ages.
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Easy availability.
Good insulation.
Good binding properties.
Either mud is filled into the wooden forms and
rammed into the place slowly building up the wall
or sun dried mud blocks are used in the
construction of the wall.
Hard Stone: Obtained from local quarries and used in
building foundation and walls.
Traditional Builders
Traditional Artisans are employed.
There knowledge is transferred orally
from master artisan to apprentice.
Mostly people procure materials from
their surroundings and build houses
with the help of relatives and
neighbors. This has fostered an
empirical knowledge of construction
material, tools and technology and all
of these are reflected in traditional
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building techniques.
Planning Techniques
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Planning Techniques
climatic conditions,
cultural influences,
topography(heights),
Climate Influence
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Cultural influence
Topography
State falls in the region of high to very
high seismic hazard.
Unlike plains, here a new dimension
or a height variation to the ground
poses additional problem.
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Mitigating Earthquake
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Topography
Constructing a house
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Statistics
Agrarian family.
Double storey house.
Southern orientation (Reduce heat
loss).
Linear arrangement of rooms,
connected by verandah/balcony in
both the floors.
Timber and stone used, both have high
thermal capacity and low conductivity.
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Plan
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Plan
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Walls
Walls (continued)
Flooring
In the ground level mud & cow-dung
were used for flooring above the plinth
made of random rubble masonry. The
upper floors are made of timber planks
and timber-joists.
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Roofing
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more
References
1.
2.
3.
Thank you!
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