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English for Graduate Study (LA 501)

Sentence Patterns

Sentence Patterns

PowerPoint by Aj. Sorada Wattana

Sentence Patterns
In this lesson, you
will:
recognize the sentence patterns
gain practice in writing correct
sentences

Sentence Patterns

PowerPoint by Aj. Sorada Wattana

Sentence Patterns
What is Sentence?
Every sentence has a subject and a predicate.

The subject is what or whom the sentence


is about,

The predicate tells what the subject is or


does.

Sentence Patterns

PowerPoint by Aj. Sorada Wattana

1. S + V-int
The intransitive action verb takes no
direct object.

Even if the action verb is followed by a prepositional


phrase, the verb is still intransitive as long as it does not
take a direct object.
Ex:The children are sleeping.
Who is calling?

Sentence Patterns
What is Sentence?
A subject can be a noun or pronoun that is partnered with a
verb.

subject verb
My friend works for a computer company.
The action of this sentence is expressed by the verb works.
The noun friend is doing the action of working.
Therefore, friend is the subject of the sentence.
Sentence Patterns

PowerPoint by Aj. Sorada Wattana

Sentence Patterns
What is Sentence?
A predicate is the rest of the sentence coming after
the subject.
subject predicate
My friend works for a computer company.

Sentences with complex


details can be broken down
into basic elements.
KEY: Subject verb direct object or subject complement -- modifiers

A genome is all the genetic material in the chromosomes


of an organism.
1

The human genome includes about three billion base pairs


that make up human DNA.
2

The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, was a 13year, international effort to identify the 20,000-25,000 human
genes and make them accessible for further biological
study.
3

This research has catalyzed biotechnology.

These elements create 5


basic patterns.
1. S-V: The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell by 53

points.
2. S-V-DO: Researchers have found a cure for cancer.
3. S-LV-SC: A virus is a pathogen. (SCN)
All members are present. (SCA)
4. S-V-IO-DO: Janes boss offered her a raise.
5. S-V-DO-OC: I consider you my best friend. (OCN)
The women found the candidates language
offensive. (OCA)

Sentence Patterns
What is Sentence?
Sometimes the predicate will be composed of 2 or 3 verbs that
fit together.
subject predicate
My friend works

subject predicate
My friend is working
subject predicate
My friend has been working

Sentence Patterns
Simple Sentence Pattern 1: Subject + Verb
Subject

Verb

Adverbial

Most computer

has crashed.

The transmission

failed

an hour ago.

LAN

links

in the same
building.

Sentence Patterns
Simple Sentence Pattern 2: Subject + Verb+ Direct Object
Subject

Verb

We

are developing a new program.

Joe

bought

Bill Gates founded

Direct Object

Adverbial

a new computer

from the store.

Microsoft

on the basis
of the
development of
MS/DOS.

Sentence Patterns
LINKING VERBS
connect its subject with a word generally found near
the end of the sentence.
FORMS OF BE
OTHER LINKING VERBS
am/is
was
appear
smell
are
were
become
sound
was
might
feel
stay
can
could
grow
taste
has/have
had
look
turn
may/must might
remain
shall
should
seem
will
would

Sentence Patterns
Simple Sentence
Pattern 3: Subject + Linking Verb+ Subject Complement
Subject

Verb

Subj Complement

Computer system are getting


Multimedia software
PCs
Supercomputers

is

are

more intelligent (adj.) these days.

interactive. (adj.)

have become

Adverbial

commodity items (n.)


high capacity
computers (adj.)

Sentence Patterns
Simple Sentence
Pattern 4: Subject + Verb+ Indirect Obj + Direct Obj
Subject

Verb

Indirect Obj

Direct Obj

Adverbial
by tomorrow.

You

should send

me

the file

emailed

them

the documents.

They

bought

their company a new antivirus program.

2. S + V + DO
The transitive action verb is followed
by a direct object.

Note: The second NP, the direct object, receives a different numerical designation (NP2)
because it is not the same as the subject (NP1).

My brother is taking his wife on a cruise.

3. S + LV + SCN
The linking verb is followed by a noun that
functions as the subjective complement.

Note: The second noun, the subjective


complement, is the same as the subject (Mr.
James = teacher).

3. S + LV + SCA
The verb of being is followed by an
adjective that functions as the
subjective complement.

The subjective complement adjective may


be a
prepositional phrase.

Sentence Patterns
Writing Sentences Practice

She bought a new bag.


She seems so happy in this picture.

Sentence Patterns
Writing Sentences Practice

He is giving a presentation.
He described the budget to the audience.

Sentence Patterns
Writing Sentences Practice

She is bored.
She thinks of someone.

Sentence Patterns
Writing Sentences Practice

They are having a meeting via video


conference.

Sentence Patterns
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains 2 simple sentences joined by a
coordinating conjunction (and, but, so, for, or) with a comma
preceding it.
simple
Simple11
IBM sold a lot of computers last year.

simple22
Simple
It made a healthy profit.

simple1 + conjunction + simple 2 = compound


IBM sold a lot of computers last year, so it made a healthy profit.

Sentence Patterns
Compound Sentence
Coordinating

Examples

conjunctions
And shows addition

Imagesetters produce very high-solution


output, and they are extremely fast.

But shows opposition

Dot matrix printers can print up to 500


characters per second, but they produce
low resolution output.

Sentence Patterns
Compound Sentence
Coordinating

Examples

conjunctions
So shows a result

The computer crashed, so I lost all of my


work.

For shows a reason:

Good programmers usually test their


programs many times, for they dont want to
overlook any errors.

Sentence Patterns
Compound Sentence
Coordinating

Examples

conjunctions
Or shows an alternative Computer programmers write programs for
or choice:

users, or end users purchase and use


computer software.

Sentence Patterns
Combining Sentences
Computers have taken a dominant role in our society.
Most new jobs require access to computers and the Internet.
Computers have taken a dominant role in our
society, and most new jobs require access to
computers and the Internet.

Sentence Patterns

PowerPoint by Aj. Sorada Wattana

26

Sentence Patterns
Combining Sentences
Flat screen monitors require less
space.
They eliminate screen flicker.

Flat screen monitors require less space, and


they eliminate screen flicker.

Sentence Patterns

PowerPoint by Aj. Sorada Wattana

27

Sentence Patterns
Combining Sentences
Bluetooth can transfer data and voice very fast.
It uses high frequency radio waves.
Bluetooth can transfer data and voice very
fast, for it uses high frequency radio waves.

Sentence Patterns

PowerPoint by Aj. Sorada Wattana

28

More Linking Verbs


The linking verb may be a word similar to
be, such as seem, appear,
become, or looks.

Or, it may be a verb relating to the senses.


Grandmas house always smelled like moth balls.
NP1
subject

LV

ADJ
subjective complement

The air feels wintry today.


NP1 LV
subject

ADJ
subjective complement

4. S + V + IO + DO
The action verb is followed by an indirect
object and then a direct object.

Note: The indirect object and the direct object each


receive a new numerical designation because each
is different from the other and both are different
from the subject.

5. S + V + DO + DOCN
The action verb is followed by a direct object.
The direct object is followed by a noun
functioning as an objective complement.

Note: The second NP, the direct object, receives a different numerical
designation (NP2) because it is not the same as the subject (NP1).
The third NP, the objective complement, receives the same
numerical designation as the direct object (NP2) because it is the
same as the direct object (Jacobsen = friend).

5. S + V + DO + DOCA
The action verb is followed by a direct
object. The direct object is followed by
an adjective functioning as an objective
complement.

Note: The second NP, the direct object, receives a different


numerical designation (NP2) because it is not the same as the
subject (NP1).

THANK YOU

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