1.1 & 1.2 - Chemistry and Its Importance & Scientific Method

What chemistry is? Origin of the word. Uses. The Importance of Chemistry. Chemical industries in Malaysia.
Contribution of chemicalbased industries towards the development of our country.

Scientific Method?
Scientific attitudes and Values.
Chapter 1
Introduction to chemistry
Contribution of chemical-based industries towards the development of our country.
Scientific Method?
- Concept map -
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kht.smk luar bandar sibu.
Scientific Method?
What chemistry is?
Chemistry is the scientific study of the

properties, composition and structure
of substances found around us, as well
as the changes which occur when these
substances interact with one another.
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Scientific Method?
Origin of the word

The term chemistry originated from the
Arabian word --- al-kimi-ya, which
means black soil from the Nile
2. The English derived the word alchemy
from al-kimi-ya.
3. Then, the term alchemy was modified to
chemistry.
1.
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Scientific Method?
Robert Boyle
4. Robert Boyle (1627-1691), an English
scientist, was believed to be the founder
of modern chemistry when published a
book The Sceptical Chemist (1661)
which describes the properties of
elements, compound, and mixtures
clearly.
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Scientific Method?
Uses
1.
2.
3.
The world around us is made up of matter,

which is made up of elements,
compounds, and mixtures.
For examples, the human body, food, air,
medicines, and clothes are all made up of
chemical substances.
Some examples of chemical substances:
sulphuric acid, nitric acid, sodium
hydroxide, sodium chloride, acetic acid,
soap, urea, PVC etc.
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Scientific Method?
Chemical substances
Use
Nitric acid
To make fertilizers
Soaps and detergents
As cleaning agents
Urea
As nitrogenous fertilizers
PVC (polyvinyl
chloride)
To make pipes, plastic bags, and children

toys.
Ethanol
To manufacture alcoholic drinks,

cosmetic.
Paints
To protect surfaces
Formaldehyde
To preserve specimens in the laboratory
Sodium hydroxide
To make soap
Sodium chloride
To preserve food
Acetic acid
To add flavor to food

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Scientific Method?
The Importance of Chemistry

1.
Occupations which
need the knowledge
of chemistry:
chemist
doctor
pharmacist
forensic scientist
dentist
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geologist
laboratory
technologist
agriculturist
chemical engineer
biochemist
genetic engineer
polymer scientist
Scientific Method?
Chemical industries in Malaysia

Petroleum and natural gas industrysupplies fuel for homes, vehicles and
factory.
Plastics industryproduces equipment.
Agricultural chemical industryproduces fertilizer and pesticides.
Pharmaceutical industryproduces both
modern and traditional medicines.
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Scientific Method?
Oleochemical
industryproduces various

products from palm oil, including soaps
and detergents.
Recycling- recycle paper, aluminum cans
and others into reusable products.
Iron and steel industries
Food production- food stabilizers,
preservatives, flavours, sweeteners etc.
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Scientific Method?
Contribution of chemical-based industries

towards the development of our
country:
Improved
our nations economy through the

export of chemical-based products, such as
chemicals, soaps, detergents, electronic
components, fertilizers, pesticides, rubber,
petroleum, nature gas and oil palm products.
Reduced imports and saved foreign
exchanges.
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Scientific Method?
Scientific Method?
1.
Scientific methods are a series of

systematic steps which scientists
practice when conducting a study or an
investigation.
2.
Scientific investigation is done through a

series of systematic steps called
scientific methods.
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Scientific Method?
A scientific investigation includes

the following steps:
controlling the
variables
planning procedures
1.
Observation
2.
making an inference7.
3.
8. collecting data
identifying the
problem
9. Interpreting data
Forming a
hypothesis
10. drawing a conclusion
identifying variables
11. writing a report
4.
5.
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6.
13
Scientific Method?
5.
An inference is the initial conclusion that

is made, based on the observation at the
beginning of the investigation.
6.
A hypothesis is a general statement that

states the correlation between the
responding variable and the
manipulated variable.
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Scientific Method?
Variables
Variables are factors or conditions which
influence other factors in an
investigation.
2. 3 types of variables:
The variable that is manipulatedvariable that is deliberately
altered/changed to see how such
changes affect the factor.
1.
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Scientific Method?
The
variable that responds- the factor

which changes as a result of the variable
that is manipulated.
The
variable that is kept constant- the

factor that remains unchanged
throughout the investigation.
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Scientific Method?
A complete report should contain:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The statement of the problem/ aim

Hypothesis
Variables- all three
Apparatus used
Materials used
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Scientific Method?
Procedure- correct sequences, passive

voice, and diagram of the set-up of
apparatus
7. Results- data in form of tables, graphs,
calculations etc
8. Discussion of the data
9. Conclusion
6.
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Scientific Method?
Manipulative skills
The manipulative skills learnt during a scientific
investigation are:
Using
and handling science apparatus and

materials correctly and safely.
Drawing apparatus and laboratory substances
accurately.
Cleaning science apparatus correctly, and
Storing science apparatus and materials
correctly and safely.
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Scientific Method?
Scientific attitudes and Values

During the process of conducting an
experiment, students should practice the
following scientific attitudes and noble
values:
Having an interest and curiosity towards
the environment.
Being honest and accurate when
recording and validating data.
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Scientific Method?
Being
diligent, persevering, flexible, openminded, objective, cooperative, fair and just,

confident and independent.
Appreciating the contribution of science and
technology.
Realizing that science is a means to
understand nature.
Being responsible about the safety of
oneself, others and the environment.
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Scientific Method?
Scientific attitudes and
Values.
Being
systematic and orderly when

conducting experiments.
Always ensure the cleanliness of the
apparatus and laboratory and keeping
apparatus and materials in their correct
places.
Using apparatus and materials correctly,
safely and without wastage.
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based industries towards the development of our country.
Scientific Method?
Contribution of chemical-
Scientific attitudes and noble

values are necessary to:
Prevent
accidents from occurring.

Ensure a clean and calm atmosphere in
the laboratory.
Inculcate positive values.
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What chemistry is? Origin of the word. Uses. The Importance of Chemistry. Chemical industries in Malaysia. Contribution of
chemical-based industries towards the development of our country.
Scientific Method?
3/2006
24

1.1 &amp; 1.2 - Chemistry and Its Importance &amp; Scientific Method

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What chemistry is? Origin of the word. Uses. The Importance of Chemistry. Chemical industries in Malaysia.

Contribution of chemicalbased industries towards the development of our country.

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

What chemistry is?

Chemistry is the scientific study of the

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

Origin of the word

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

The world around us is made up of matter,

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

Soaps and detergents

To make pipes, plastic bags, and children

To manufacture alcoholic drinks,

To preserve specimens in the laboratory

To add flavor to food

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

The Importance of Chemistry

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

Chemical industries in Malaysia

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

industry- produces various

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

Contribution of chemical-based industries

our nations economy through the

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

Scientific methods are a series of

Scientific investigation is done through a

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

A scientific investigation includes

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

An inference is the initial conclusion that

A hypothesis is a general statement that

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

variable that responds- the factor

variable that is kept constant- the

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

A complete report should contain:

The statement of the problem/ aim

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

Procedure- correct sequences, passive

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

and handling science apparatus and

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

Scientific attitudes and Values

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

diligent, persevering, flexible, openminded, objective, cooperative, fair and just,

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

systematic and orderly when

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

Scientific attitudes and noble

accidents from occurring.

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

kht.smk luar bandar sibu.

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1.1 & 1.2 - Chemistry and Its Importance & Scientific Method

1.1 & 1.2 - Chemistry and Its Importance & Scientific Method