Introduction to

Artificial Intelligence

Introduction to Intelligence Systems

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

Fundamental Question of AI
(Alan Turing asked:)
Is there thought without experience?
Is there mind without communication?
Is there language without living?
Is there intelligence without life?

Can machines think?

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

The aim of this is:

To demonstrate a variety of techniques for capturing human
knowledge and represent it in a computer in a way that enables
the machine to reason over the data represented and mimic the
human ability to deal with incomplete or uncertain data.

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

At the end of the module students should be able to:

Describe methods for acquiring human knowledge.
Evaluate which of the acquisition methods would be most
appropriate in a given situation.
Describe techniques for representing acquired knowledge in a way
that facilitates automated reasoning over the knowledge.
Categorise and evaluate AI techniques according to different
criteria such as applicability and ease of use, and intelligently
participate in the selection of the appropriate techniques and tools,
to solve simple problems.
Use the presented techniques in practice to develop a fuzzy logic
system.

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

Knowledge-Based Intelligent Systems

Intelligent machines and what they can do.
Artificial intelligence from the Dark Ages to knowledge-based
systems
What is knowledge?
Knowledge representation techniques
Rules as a knowledge representation technique

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

Discussion
Can machines think?
Can machines see?
How does a human mind work? Is it magic?
Can non-humans have minds?
Can machines replace a human worker?
Are intelligent machines good or bad for humans?
Would you trust one?

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

What is Intelligence?
Intelligence is the ability to understand and learn things.
Intelligence is the ability to think and understand instead
of doing things by instinct or automatically.
(Essential English Dictionary, Collins, London, 1990).
Intelligence is the ability to learn and understand, to solve
problems and to make decisions.

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

What is Artificial Intelligence?

The goal of artificial intelligence (AI) as a science is to
make machines do things that would require intelligence if
done by humans.
AI is a branch of computing science that deals with the
specification, design and implementation of information
systems that have some knowledge related to the
enterprise in which the information systems are situated.
Such systems are designed per se to be responsive to the
needs of their end-users.

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

Turing Imitation Game

The British mathematician Alan Turing, over fifty years
ago, inventing a game, the Turing Imitation Game.
The imitation game originally included two phases:

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

Turing Imitation Game Phase 1

In the first phase, the interrogator, a man
and a woman are each placed in separate
rooms. The interrogators objective is to
work out who is the man and who is the
woman by questioning them. The man
should attempt to deceive the interrogator
that he is the woman, while the woman
has to convince the interrogator that she is
the woman.

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

10

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

Turing Imitation Game Phase 2

In the second phase of the game, the man
is replaced by a computer programmed to
deceive the interrogator as the man did. It
would even be programmed to make
mistakes and provide fuzzy answers in the
way a human would. If the computer can
fool the interrogator as often as the man
did, we may say this computer has passed
the intelligent behaviour test.

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

Second Phase

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Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

Turing Remarks
By maintaining communication between the human and
the machine via terminals, the test gives us an objective
standard view on intelligence.
A program thought intelligent in some narrow area of
expertise is evaluated by comparing its performance with
the performance of a human expert.
To build an intelligent computer system, we have to
capture, organise and use human expert knowledge in
some narrow area of expertise.

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

12

Introduction to
Artificial Intelligence

Closing

Questions???
Remarks???
Comments!!!
Evaluation!

06th September 2005

Bogdan L. Vrusias 2005

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