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KIDNEY

Glomerulonephr
ItIs

ANATOMY OF MR KIDNEY
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Functions of ME
(MR.KIDNEY)
Without me, YOU will UNABLE
to:
Remove wastes and water from
the blood
Balanced chemicals in your body
Release hormones
Help to control blood pressure
Help to produce red blood cells
Produce vitamin D, which keeps
the bones strong and healthy

DEFINITION

What is
glomerulonephristis?
Glomerulonephritis is is
a kidney condition
that involves
damage
/inflammation to the
glomeruli.

Types of glomerulonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis
-begins suddenly
Chronic glomerulonephritis
-develops gradually over
several years.

ETIOLOGY

Glomerolonephritis cause
by?
Causes of glomerulonephritis include:
Streptococcal infection of the throat (strep throat)
or skin (impetigo)
Hereditary diseases
Immune diseases, such aslupus
diabetes
High blood pressure
Vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels)
Viruses (HIV,hepatitis B virus, andhepatitis C
virus)
Endocarditis(infection of the valves of the heart)

Streptococcal infection of the throat (strep throat) or

skin (impetigo)

Lupus

PATHOLOGY

PATHOLOGY
glomerulonephritis are triggered by
immune-mediated injury.
The cellular immune response contributes
to the infiltration of glomeruli by
circulating mononuclear inflammatory
cells (lymphocytes and macrophages) and
crescent formation in the absence of

PATHOLOGY
The humoral immune response leads to
immune deposit formation and
complement activation in glomeruli.
Antibodies can be deposited within the
glomerulus when circulating antibodies
react with intrinsic or with extrinsic
antigens that have been trapped within

PATHOLOGY
Injury usually occurs as a consequence of
the activation and release of a variety of
inflammatory mediators.
Haemodynamic, and toxic stresses can
also induce glomerular injury.
A few glomerular diseases are due to
hereditary defects resulting in deformity of
the glomerular basement membrane.

Sign and symptoms

Sign and symptoms

Kidney pain normally happens in

the flank region, which is just
below the bottom of rib cage.

Sign and symptoms

Cola-colored or diluted,
iced-tea-colored urine
from red blood cells in
your urine (hematuria)
Foamy urine due to
excess protein
(proteinuria)

Sign and symptoms

High blood pressure
(hypertension)
Fluid retention
(edema) with swelling
evident in your face,
hands, feet and
abdomen
Fatigue/SOB from
anemia or kidney
failure.
Less frequent urination
than usual.

PRECAUTION &
TREATMENTS

Precautions
Precautions
start slowly and build up gradually
aim to exercise for 30 minutes
three times a week
Advice for patients
carry a small spray bottle filled
with lemon water or mouthwash
to spray their mouth when they
are feeling dry in order to keep
fluid balanced

Precautions
Do not give an exercise to patient with consideration of
these condition:
Changed their dialysis schedule
Changed their medicine schedule
Overeaten
Physical condition has changed;
Fever
Have joint or bone problems
Weather is hot and humid and you
Do not give exercises in an indoor, air-conditioned
environment.

Precaution
Discontinue routine earlier if experience
any of the following:
shortness of breath
fatigue,
rapid or irregular heartbeat,
chest pain,
nausea,
leg cramps or dizziness.

Doctor treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of
the disorder, and the type and
severity of symptoms.
High blood pressure may be hard to
control. Controlling high blood
pressure is usually the most
important part of treatment.
Dialysis and Transplant

Doctor
treatment

Medications
Diuretics to reduce fluid retention
Medications to suppress the immune system
Lifestyle Changes
Restrict salt and water intake.
Restrict intake of potassium, phosphorous, and
magnesium.
Cut down on protein in the diet.
Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
Take calcium supplements.

Physiotherapy treatment
Patient education
Endurance Exercise
Walking test
walking, swimming, bicycling,
aerobic dancing
Circulatory exercise

Exercise
program
during dialysis

BENEFITS OF EXERCISES

Benefit of exercise for

Glomerulonephritis
Increased energy. exercise regularly, over a
period of time will develop greater resistance to
fatigue and energy will increase.
Help in dealing with stress. Exercise relieves
tension, which enables to relax and feel less tense.
Improved ability to sleep.As tension in body
diminishes and begins to relax, patient will go to
sleep much quicker and sleep more soundly.
Improved overall daily functioning. As fitness
improves, the capacity to perform daily tasks at
school, home or on the job will increase.

Benefit of exercise for

Glomerulonephritis
Improved appearance. burn extra
calories, muscles become firmer, it
becomes easier to control weight thus
improving overall appearance.
Improved overall health. As oxygen is
transported more efficiently around the
body, circulation improves, the heart
becomes stronger, blood pressure is
lowered, and body is better equipped to
fight off diseases.

Benefit of exercise for

Glomerulonephritis
Regular exercise can break this unhealthy circle as
well as provide these additional benefits:
Improve strength and mobility
Relieve depression
Boost blood circulation, a key to good heart health
Maintain bone and muscle strength
Lower your weight and cholesterol
And boost your self-esteem

Physiotherapy treatment
lymphatic massage
To reduce edema
Breathing exercise
-breathing control
purse lip breathing
and diagram
breathing

KIDNEY SAY !!!!

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