BHP & Well Kill Iadc

Constant Bottom Hole Pressure
Theory
Sparks Petroleum Services Oman
1-Constant BHP Theory
Objective
Describe why constant bottom hole

pressure (BHP) is required
Demonstrate the additive effects of

pressure
Describe how to account for friction
State the procedures used to keep BHP

constant (or nearly constant)
Why do we want constant BHP?

SIDPP
Prevent additional influx
Provide basis for

determination of
pressures at other points
in the well
SICP
Influx stops
when BHP
becomes
equal to the
Formation
Pressure
Can be monitored via DP

BHP = Pore Pressure
Consider a Simplified Well

SICP
5800
Formation Pressure 5800 psi
Out of hole, kick detected
Well shut-in
Influx flow rate begins to

decrease
Wellbore BHP and pore

pressure equalize
What is SICP?
Imposed SICP stops influx

SICP
= 800
SICP
+
Total Mud Hydrostatic
Pressure of 5000 psi
Total Mud
Hydrostatic
Pressure is
5000 psi
Equalizes the BHP
5800
thus,
SICP = BHP - 5000
SICP = 5800 - 5000
SICP = 800 psi

Well Still Shut-in
What happens as time passes

and we do nothing at all?
Gas Migrates Half-way to Top

?
Mud Hydrostatic
Pressure is 2500 psi
BHP = Gas Pressure +
Hydrostatic of Mud Below
Gas Pressure is 5800 psi

Mud Hydrostatic
8300
WOW!
Casing Pressure Also Increases

3300
WOW!
Mud Hydrostatic
CP = Gas Pressure less
Hydrostatic of Mud Above

Mud Hydrostatic
8300
Gas at the Suface

5800
Mud Hydrostatic
BHP = Gas Pressure plus

Hydrostatic of Mud Below
10,800
Formation likely to fail

long before this
pressure is reached!
Lets Start Over
...and find a smarter way to

handle this migrating gas
Can we keep BHP constant?

800
Total Mud
Hydrostatic
Pressure is
5000 psi
5800
Lets start over...
As gas migrates, bleed mud
Allow gas to expand
Gas follows Boyles Law
Keep the sum of gas pressure

plus the hydrostatic of the
mud below the gas equal to
the original BHP (5800 psi)
Gas Migrates Half-way to Top, BHP

Pressure Kept at 5800 psi
?
Upper mud column hydrostatic is
2500 psi
Gas expands as 20 bbls mud is bled,
gas pressure decreases to 3500 psi
Lower mud column hydrostatic is
2300 psi
20 bbls bled
5800
Casing Pressure Increases as Mud is

Bled and BHP Kept at 5800 psi
1000
CP = Gas Pressure less

Hydrostatic of Mud
Above
20 bbls bled
CP = 3500 - 2500
5800
CP = 1000 psi
Gas at Surface as Mud is Bled and

BHP Kept at 5800 psi
1600
Gas Pressure = 1600 psi

CP = 1600 psi
Mud Hydrostatic = 4200
BHP = 5800 psi
60 bbls bled
5800
BHP has been kept at 5800 psi

Gas is at surface
1600
CP = 1600 psi
BHP = 5800 psi
Great...
but how do we see
the BHP during all
this?
60 bbls bled
5800
Use of the Drill Pipe Gage

If we have drill pipe in the
hole, we can use it as a
link to the bottom...
BHP = 5800 psi
CP = 800 psi
Pit Gain = 50 bbls
Hydrostatic in DP = 5000 psi
SIDPP = BHP - DP Hydrostatic
SIDPP = 5800 - 5300
SIDPP = 500 psi
SIDPP
800
Pit Gain
5800
Gas Migrated Half-way

Now, as gas migrates,
keep DP at 500 psi.
Bleed mud as needed.
BHP = 5800 psi
Pit Gain = 50 bbls + 20 bbls
SIDPP = 500 psi
DP Hydrostatic = 5300 psi
BHP = 500+ 5300
BHP = 5800 psi
500
1000
20 bbls
Bled
5800
Gas Migrated to Surface

500
As gas migrates, keep

DP at 500 psi. Bleed
mud as needed.
BHP = 5800 psi
Pit Gain = 50 bbls + 60 bbls
SIDPP = 500 psi
DP Hydrostatic = 5300 psi
BHP =500 + 5300
BHP = 5800 psi
1600
60 bbls
Bled
5800
Equivalent Hydraulic Diagram

500
500
800
800
=
Pit Gain
5800
Pit Gain
5800
Balanced Well
Consider a well with
sufficient hydrostatic to
control the formation
pressure
The hydrostatic pressure in
both columns are equal.
0
0
Pit Gain
They have a common BHP

The depth and density are
such that BHP = 5300 psi
5300
Circulating Friction - Low Rate

605
Pump
Consider the pressures while

pumping at a slow rate
Pumping at 20 spm
Pit Gain
Circulating Friction = 605 psi

Annular Friction = 5 psi
BHP = 5300 psi + 5 psi
5
5305
Kick in the Hole - Well Shut-in

500
Pump
800
Well shut- in
Pit Gain = 50 bbls
Not yet circulating
Shut-in pressures recorded
50 bbls
5800
Pump is Brought to Speed

1105
Pump
(500 +605)
800
Circulating at 20 spm
Initial Circulating Pressure =
Initial Shut-in Pressure +
Initial Friction Pressure
Maintain 1105 psi on DP
50 bbls
5
5805
Kick is Up the Hole

605
1105
Pump
1000
BHP constant because DP
pressure set at 1105 psi
5

CP increases because less
mud hydrostatic in annulus
5805
Kick is at the Surface

605
1105
Pump
1600
BHP constant because DP
pressure set at 1105 psi
CP has reached a maximum
5
5805
Pump Balanced Weight Mud

605
1105
Pump
800
Introduce Balanced Mud
(density balances BHP)
Will need to adjust DPP as
drill string fills with heavy
mud
5
5805
Balanced Weight Mud Has Reached Bit

(1105 - 500) x MW2/MW1)
665
Pump
850
Drill string full of heavy mud
DPP pressure reduced to
665 psi, the friction pressure
associated with the heavier
mud
5
5805
Kick to Surface
665
665
Pump
1300
Annulus partially filled with
heavy mud
5
Casing pressure at max value

BHP still 5805 psi
5805
Gas is Out of Well

665
665
Pump
175
Annulus contains two muds
Casing pressure reduced
BHP still 5805 psi
5
5805
Original Mud is Out of Well

665
665
Pump
Annulus contains balanced
weight mud
Casing pressure = 0
DPP = Friction of new mud
BHP still 5805 psi
5
5805
Well is Dead
0
Pump
Stop Pumps
Well Full of Balanced Wt. Mud
DPP = 0
CP = 0
BHP = 5800 psi
5800
Summary
BHP > or = Formation Pressure stops influx

DP gage is link to BHP
BHP can be kept constant if DP is:
constant during circulation with original mud

constant after balanced mud reaches bit
adjusted to account for balanced mud as it fills DP
account for higher density

account for higher friction pressure in drill string

BHP & Well Kill Iadc

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Constant Bottom Hole Pressure

1-Constant BHP Theory

Describe why constant bottom hole

Demonstrate the additive effects of

Describe how to account for friction

State the procedures used to keep BHP

Why do we want constant BHP?

Prevent additional influx

Provide basis for

Can be monitored via DP

Consider a Simplified Well

Formation Pressure 5800 psi

Out of hole, kick detected

Influx flow rate begins to

Wellbore BHP and pore

Imposed SICP stops influx

Equalizes the BHP

Formation Pressure 5800 psi

SICP = 800 psi

Well Still Shut-in

What happens as time passes

6-Constant BHP Theory

Gas Migrates Half-way to Top

Gas Pressure is 5800 psi

Formation Pressure 5800 psi

7-Constant BHP Theory

Casing Pressure Also Increases

Gas Pressure is 5800 psi

Formation Pressure 5800 psi

8-Constant BHP Theory

Gas at the Suface

Gas Pressure is 5800 psi

BHP = Gas Pressure plus

Formation likely to fail

9-Constant BHP Theory

Lets Start Over

...and find a smarter way to

10-Constant BHP Theory

Can we keep BHP constant?

Formation Pressure 5800 psi

Lets start over...

As gas migrates, bleed mud

Allow gas to expand

Gas follows Boyles Law

Keep the sum of gas pressure

Gas Migrates Half-way to Top, BHP

Formation Pressure 5800 psi

12-Constant BHP Theory

Casing Pressure Increases as Mud is

CP = Gas Pressure less

Formation Pressure 5800 psi

13-Constant BHP Theory

Gas at Surface as Mud is Bled and

Gas Pressure = 1600 psi

Formation Pressure 5800 psi

14-Constant BHP Theory

BHP has been kept at 5800 psi

Formation Pressure 5800 psi

15-Constant BHP Theory

Use of the Drill Pipe Gage

Formation Pressure 5800 psi

16-Constant BHP Theory

Gas Migrated Half-way