WHAT HAPPENS IN THE

OPERATING ROOM

SURGICAL SCRUBBING

GOWNING

GLOVING

PREPARING THE MAYO

STAND

PREPARING THE
INSTRUMENTS

TOWEL CLAMP

Towel clamp
used to maintain surgical towels and drapes in the
correct position during an operation

hemostats straight & curved

used in almost any surgical procedure, to control
bleeding

Allis clamp
Use- for Grasping. Often used for grasping soft tissue such as
breast tissue or bowel tissue
Found in minor and major packs

Needle holder
Used to hold a suturing needle for
closing wounds during suturing and
surgical procedures.

Tissue Forceps (toothed)

Use - Grasping
- Often used for grasping fascia during the closure of abdominal
surgery or for closure and suturing of large orthopedic
procedures such as total knee and total hip replacement surgery.

TISSUE WITHOUT TEETH

Used to hold tissue in place when
applying sutures
Used to gently move tissues out of
the way during exploratory surgery
Used to insert packing into or remove
objects from deep cavities

Bladder Retractor

Load the Scalpel with the

Blade

Scalpel Holder
Holds scalpel blade
Acts as a handle

Mets and Mayo

Metzenbaum Scissors
- Metz
Use - Cutting
- The most common scissors use for cutting tissue.
.

Curved Mayo Scissors

Use - Cutting
Common to most surgical trays, used for
cutting dense tissue where metz scissors are
too delicate.

Mayo straight Scissors or Suture

Scissors
Use - Cutting
- General purpose and suture cutting
scissors, normally not used on tissue.

Basic Instruments

OTHER INSTRUMENTS
Depending on the type of surgery to
be performed

Army Navy Retractor or US Retractor

Use: Tissue or Bone Retraction.
Found in both major and minor orthopedic and general
surgery trays .

Babcock

Use - Grasping
For grasping soft tissue or
bowel.

Debakey Forceps or Debakey's

Use - Grasping
- One of the most common surgical forceps, used
for grasping soft tissue, blood vessels and bowel.

Mixter
They are most frequently used for
clamping,dissection, or grasping
tissue.
Mixter Right AngleForcepsare
available in multiple lengths and
have serrations the entire length of
the jaw.

Mayo Bodywall Retractor

Used for Retraction
- For rectration in large abdominal
surgeries.

Adson Bipolar Forceps

Richardson Retractor
Use : used to retract deep abdominal or chest incisions.
Available in multiple sizes as well as single and double
ended. This is one of the most common general
surgery retractors.

Balfour retractor
Used to hold open abdominal
incisions during a laparotomy.

Weitlaner selfretaining
designed for use in the following surgical
specialties: peripheral vascular surgery
in the carotid, subclavian, femoral,
popliteal and tibial regions. Spinal surgery
in the cervical and lumbar regions.
Orthopedic surgery in shoulder and hip
procedures. General surgery for inguinal
hernia, appendectomy and many minor
procedures

Vein retractor

Curved crile

Curved Rochester-Pean
Forceps

Tenaculum
Used to grasp and hold tissues. Also used to hold
tissues steady for surgical procedures, to hold
tissues out of the way, or to grasp tissues for the
purpose of manipulating them

Polyp forcep
Used to grasp. Used in D&C surgery

Uterine packaging forcep

Pratt dilators
used to widen the opening of the
cervix. Used in surgeries on genitalia

Deaver
Used for Retracting
Available in multiple widths and common to many
surgical trays for general, orthopedic and GYN surgery.

Uterine curette
used to remove tissue or growths from a body
cavity. This uterine curette is inserted into the
uterine cavity and the wall of the cavity is
scraped.

Blade/ skin blade

Used to make incision

Gelpi
Used to retract usually on a spine
surgery

Kocher Clamp
Used to control bleeding. It is straight
haemostat with interlocking teeth on the tip

Vaginal speculum weighted

Used to retract vaginal orifice during
vaginal surgery

Surgical instruments
Cutting and Dissecting
Grasping and Clamping
Retracting
Probing and Dilating

Cutting and Dissecting

Instruments
are sharp and are used to cut body tissue or
surgical supplies.

Knife Handle, Scissors

(left to right)

Scalpel Holder
Holds scalpel blade
Acts as a handle

Scalpels and blades

7 handle with 15 blade (deep knife) - Used to
cut deep, delicate tissue.
3 handle with 10 blade (inside knife) Used
to cut superficial tissue.
4 handle with 20 blade (skin knife) - Used to
cut skin.

#7, #3, #4
(left to right)

Scaplel grips
Fingertip gripapplying downward
pressure from
index for skin
incision

Pencil grip-motion
comes from the
thumb and index
for precise
incisions

Suture scissors
Straight Mayo scissors - Used to cut suture and
supplies. Also known as: Suture scissors.

EX: Straight Mayo scissors being used to cut suture.

Suture Scissors

Isis Suture scissors

Used to remove sutures
Blade has beak or hook
to slide under sutures

Lister Bandage Scissors

Used to remove bandages and dressings

Probe tip is blunt; inserted under bandages with
relative safety

Tissue scissors

Sharp/Sharp Scissors
Used to cut and dissect tissue
Both blade tips are sharp

Tissue scissors

Sharp/Blunt Scissors
Used to cut and dissect fascia and muscle
One blunt tip and one sharp tip

Holding surgical instruments

Correct use involves
grasping with the
thumb and 4-th finger,
using the 3-rd finger
for balance and index
for orientation

Tissue scissors
Curved Blunt/Blunt
Scissors
Both blade tips are blunt
Can be curved or
straight-

Cooley arteriotomy scissors

Used for
longitudinal
arteriotomy

Amputation instruments
Special cutting instruments used in
amputations for muscle and bone

Amputation saw

Amputation knife

Amputation instruments
Gigli saw-used for
cutting the bone

Percy amputation
retractor

Grasping, clamping, occluding instruments

These istruments are used to grasp,

pick up,hold and manipulate tissues,
tools and materials.

Towel Clamp

Bachaus towel clamp

Schaedel towel clips

Adds weight to drapes and towels to ensure they

stay in place
Allow exposure of the operative site
english towel clamp

Towel Clamp
Doyen towel clamp

English towel
clamp

Sponge Forceps

Used to hold gauze

squares or sponge to
mop up the surgical site
Jaws are serrated

Transfer Forceps

When sterile, transfer

forceps;
arrange items on
sterile tray
transfer items to
sterile field

Forceps

Anatomical forceps
Used to hold tissue in place when applying
sutures
Used to gently move tissues out of the way
during exploratory surgery
Used to insert packing into or remove
objects from deep cavities

Forceps
Surgical forceps
Used for grasping and
holding tissue, muscle or
skin surrounding a wound
Single toothed on one
side; fits between two
teeth on the other side
Available as 1x2 or
2x3 or 3x4
Inca o pensa fina
(vasculara)

Forceps
DeBakey vascular
forceps-used for
delicate handling
of tissue in
vascular surgery

Forceps grasping
Pencil grip for
grasping and
manipulating
tissues

Clamps
Pean clamp used
grasping various
tissues and
clamping blood
vessels. It has
serrated blades.

Clamps
Mosquito

Halsted

Clamps
A Kocher is used to grasp heavy tissue. May
also be used as a clamp. The jaws may be
straight or curved with serrated blades and
interlocking teeth at the tips.

Clamps
A Miculicz is used to grasp heavy tissue. May
also be used as a clamp. The jaws are curved
with serrated edges only on the tips and
interlocking teeth.

Dissection instruments
Disector (right
angle clamp)- a 90
degree tip angle
clamp used for
dissecting tissues
and maneuvering
threads with
serrated blades

Special clamps
Museux clamp-for
grasping the uterus

Special clamps
Schrodder Braunsimilar to Museux,
for gynecological
procedures

Special clamps
Dartigue
entire uterus

clamp-for grasping and maneuver of the

Special clamps
Lovelace clamp-for
grasping and
maneuver of the
lung

Special Clamps
A Collin clamp (en
coeur, ringed
gallbladder ) is used
for grasping and
mobilizing structures
(gallbladder, breast,
hemorrhoids)

Special Clamps
A Babcock is used to grasp delicate tissue
(intestine, fallopian tube, ovary). Available in
short and long sizes.

Special clamps
Desjardin forceps-for grasping and
extraction of stones (gallblader,
kidney)

Special clamps

Klammer straight intestinal

clamp-longitudinal
serrated blades

Angled intestinal clamp

Hemostatic clamps

Kelly Hemostat
Used to clamp small vessels or hold tissue
Jaws are partially serrated
Curved or straight

Vascular surgery Hemostatic

clamps
Satinskyclamps are designed to partially
occlude the wall of a vessel over a distance

Vascular surgery
Hemostatic clamps
Dietrich bulldog
clamp

Debakey vascular
clamp

Hemostatic clamps
A hemoclip applier with hemoclips applies
metal clips onto blood vessels and ducts which
will remain occluded.

Manual retractors

Wolkman retractor-for
retracting the SKIN edges
after initial incision

Manual retractors
Farabeuf retractorvarious tissue/organ
retractor

Langenbeck
retractor

Manual retractors
Israel retractor

Manual retractors
Allison lung
retractor-for
retracting the lung
in cardiothoracic
surgeries

Abdominal manualRetractors
Doyen abdominal
retractor, it comes
in various lenghts
and sizes

Retractors
A malleable or ribbon retractor (manual) is
used to retract deep wounds. May be bent to
various shapes.

Autostatic retractors
A Weitlaner retractor (self-retaining) is used to
retract shallow incisions.

Autostatic retractors
Finochetto-used in
thoracotomy

Autostatic retractors
Gosset-in pelvic surgery

Autostatic retractors
A Balfour with bladder blade (self-retaining) is
used to retract wound edges during deep
abdominal procedures.

Autostatic retractors
Thompson retractor

Probing and dilating

instruments
Double ended
probe

Doyen probe

Probing and dilating

instruments

Nasal Speculum
Used to spread nostrils
during examination

Probing and dilating

instruments
Sims Rectal
speculum

Anoscope

Probing and dilating

instruments
Kristeller vaginal
speculum

Probing and dilating

instruments
Vaginal speculum
Used during
gynecological exam or
procedure
Dilates the opening of
the vaginal cavity,
allowing for inspection of
the vagina and cervix
Facilitates access for
observation and
treatment

Suturing instruments

Skin clips
Clip forceps
Needle holders
Suture materials
(needle and
thread)

Skin clips and Michel clamp

Needle holders
Mathieu

Hegar

Baraquer

Needle holder grasp

Position of needle
Angled at 45
degrees
In the middle
1/3-rd of the
needle

Types of needles

Hagedon
Bassini
Atraumatic
Intestinal
Straight

 Bassini-cutting
edge, regular
eyed, half circle

Hagedon-micro point spatula curved, regular

eyed, 3/8 circle

Types of needles
Non traumaticround, taper
point, drill ended

Intestinal-round, taper point, regular eye

Types of needles
Straight-used for
intradermic
sutures

Needles
Deschamps

Reverdin

Needles-ligature conductors
Used for guiding
the needles in
suturing, to
avoid other
tissue damage

Mechanical suture
Linear stapler

Circular stapler

Bone surgery
Chisel and
mallet
Periosteal
elevator Doyen,
Semb
Rib-cutting
shears (Geitz)
Bone-cutting
Forceps-Luer
Volkman curette

Bone chisel and mallet

Periosteal elevator
Doyen

Semb

Rib shears
Geitz rib shearsfor cutting ribs in
thoracotomy

Bone-cutting forceps
Luer

Stille-Luer

Curette
Wolkmann-

Kramer splint
Flexible, used for
temporary
imobilisation