MONOCHROME TELEVISION RECEIVER

SECTIONS
• TUNER(RF SECTION)
• I.F. SUBSYSTEM
• VIDEO SECTION
• AUDIO SECTION
• DEFLECTION CIRCUITS
• POWER SUPPLY
 INPUT FROM ANTENNA
• ANTENNA INTERCEPTS OR PICKS UP
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WHICH ARE
RADIATED BY TRANSMITTERS.
• THE RECEIVED SIGNAL CAN VARY FROM 50
µV TO 1mV.
• ANTENNA CAN BE RESONANT OR NON-
RESONANT.
• YAGI-UDA AND PARABOLIC REFLECTOR ARE
MOST COMMON IN USE.
 BALUN
• THE IMPEDENCE SEEN BY THE ANTENNA AT
THE RECEIVER I/P IS ABOUT 300.
• THE OPEN CIRCUIT IMPEDENCE OF THE
ANTENNA IS ABOUT 75.
• THE BALUN PROVIDES THE IMPEDNECE
MATCH BETWEEN ANTENNA AND THE
RECEIVER.
 TUNER
• TUNER CONSISTS OF
(1)RF AMPLIFIER
(2)MIXER
(3)LOCAL OSCILATOR
• THEIR FUNCTIONS ARE SAME AS THEY DO IN A
CONVENTIONAL RADIO RECEIVER.
 RF AMPLIFIER
• RF AMPLIFIER RECEIVES SIGNAL FROM
ANTENNA .
• IT IS A LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER.
• IT PROVIDES INITIAL GAIN AND SELECTIVITY
TO THE RECEIVED SIGNAL.
A IDEALRF
IDEAL RF
RESPONSE
RESPONSE

Pc-1.25 Pc Sc f
 CONVERSION TO I.F.
• THE TUNER I/P IS A MODULATED COMPOSITE VIDEO
SIGNAL(WITH SOUND).
• THE O/P IS AGAIN A COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL BUT WITH
A DIFFERENT CARRIER FREQ.,THE INTER MEDIATE FREQ.
• THIS CONVERSION INTO I.F. IS DONE BY HETERODYNING
I/P SIGNAL WITH LOCAL OSCI. SIGNAL TO PRODUCE BEAT
FREQ.
• PICTURE I.F.=38.9 MHz & SOUND I.F.=33.4
MHz
• AFTER CONVERSION THE SOUND FREQ. IS LOWER THAN
PICTURE FREQ.
 CHOICE OF I.F.
• I.F. SHOULD NOT LIE IN VHF OR UHF
BAND,ASSIGNED FOR T.V. TRANSMISSION
• IMAGE REJECTION RATIO.
• LOCAL OSCI. RADIATION.
• IMAGE FREQ. SHOULD LIE OUSIDE FM(88-
108 MHz) BAND.
• NO INTERFERENCE FROM THE BAND
ASSIGNED TO OTHER SERVICES.
• GAIN.
 I.F. SUBSYSTEM
• CONSISTS OF..
1) I.F. SECTION
2) AGC CIRCUIT
3) VIDEO DETECTOR
• THIS SECTION RECEIVES ITS I/P FROM MIXER
O/P AND ITS O/P IS BASEBAND COMPOSITE
VIDEO SIGNAL
 I.F. SECTION
• THIS SUBSYSTEM PROVIDES MOST OF THE
GAIN AND SELECTIVITY IN THE RECEIVER.
• IT IS A SERIES OF I.F. AMPLIFIERS WHICH
CAN PROVIDE A GAIN OF AS MUCH AS
10,000.
• IT ALSO HAS A SAW FILTER TO PROVIDE
VESTIGIAL SIDE BAND CORRECTION AND
ADJACENT CHANNEL REJECTION.
 V.S.B. CORRECTION
• IN V.S.B. TRANSMISSION THE UPPER SIDE
BAND IS FULLY TRANSMITTED AND LOWER
SIDE BAND IS PARTIALLY TRANSMITTED.
• THIS PROVIDES BOOSTING OF LOW FREQ.
COMPONENTS,UNNECESSARILY.
• SO, THEY ARE ATTENUATED BY AN
APPROPRIATE FACTOR.
• THIS IS CALLED V.S.B. CORRECTION.
 THE OVER ALL I.F. RESPONSE
dB
0
-6 CH.3(WANTED): (54-61 MHz)
PC3=55.25 SC3=60.75 L.O.=94.15
CH.2(LOWER ADJACENT CHANNEL):(47-54MHz)
PC2=48.25 SC2=53.75
Sif=33.4 Pif=38.9
CH.4(UPPER ADJACENT CHANNEL): (61-68 MHz)
PC4=62.25 SC4=67.75
31.9 33.15 40.15 40.4 f(MHz)

THE SOUND CARRIER OF CH.2 CAN PRODUCE A BEAT FREQ. OF

94.15-53.75=40.4MHz. THIS IS VERY CLOSE TO 38.9 AND MAY
INTERFERE WITH IT.
THE PICTURE CARRIRER OF CH.4 CAN ALSO PRODUCE AN
INTEREFERNCE BY PRODUCING A BEAT FREQ. OF 31.9 MHz
WHICH IS CLOSE TO 33.4MHz.
 SAW FILTER

• SUFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE FILTER IS A BAND

PASS FILTER WITH SHARP CUT-OFF.
• ITS RESPONSE CAN BE DESIGNED TO
ACHIEVE DESIRED SELECTIVITY AND ROLL-
OFF FACTOR.
• THIS FILTER PROVIDES BOTH V.S.B.
CORRECTION AND ADJACENT CHANNEL
REJECTION.
 A.G.C.
• IT IS USED TO CONTROL GAINS OF R.F. AND I.F.
AMPLIFIERS.
• IT USES TIP OF THE SYNC PULSE AS A REFERENCE TO
MEASURE THE SIGNAL STRENGTH.
• DELAYED/KEYED A.G.C. IS USED IN TV.
• THIS DELAYS THE SIGNAL TILL IT AQUIRES A LELVEL
GREATER THAN THE BACKGROUND NOISE LEVEL.
• IF THE RECEIVED SIGNAL IS WEAKER THAN NOISE LEVEL ,
NO A.G.C. IS PROVIDED.
 VIDEO DETECTOR
• IT IS BASICALLY A PEAK DETECTOR.
• IT USES L-C COMBINATION,INSTEAD OF R-C ,
AS IN CONVENTIONAL RADIO RECEIVER, TO
PREVENT UNDUE ATTENUATION OF VIDEO
SIGNAL.
• THE DETECTOR I/P IS I.F. SIGNAL AND O/P IS
BASE BAND COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL.
 REQUIREMENTS
• THE DETECOR O/P MUST MAINTAIN DC LEVEL OF THE
SIGNAL TO PRESERVE BRIGHTNESS.
• THE POLARITY OF O/P OF THE VIDEO DETECTOR SHOULD
BE NEGATIVE.
• SINCE CATHODE DRIVE IS COMMON PRACTICE ,WHICH
REQUIRES POSITIVE POLARITY OF THE VIDEO SIGNAL.
• WHILE O/P OF THE VIDEO AMPLIFIER IS INVERTED AS IT IS
AN INVERTING AMPLIFIER.
• SO, I/P TO VIDEO AMPLIFIER IS NEGATIVE.
FROM BUFFER
BUFFER
LAST IF
AMPL.

TO
CATHODE VIDEO
VIDEO
OF PICTURE
TUBE AMPLI.
AMPLI.
 VIDEO SECTION
• IT CONSISTS OF STAGES OF VIDEO AMPLIFIER.
• ITS JOB IS TO PROVIDE SUFFICIENT GAIN TO DETECTED
SIGNAL SO THAT IT CAN DRIVE TUBE FROM CUT-OFF TO
PEAK WHITE LEVEL.
• THE PEAK TO PEAK VOLTAGES AT PICTURE TUBE VARIES
FROM 30V TO 150V.
• THE DC BIAS TO VIDEO AMPLI. MUST BE LARGE ENOUGH
TO AMPLI. LINEARLY OVER THE ENTIRE RANGE OF VIDEO
SIGNAL.
• NO AMPLITUDE OR PHASE DISTORTION IS TOLERABLE IN
THE O/P OF VIDEO AMPLI.
• THE VIDEO AMPLI. SHOULD PROVIDE CONSTANT GAIN
OVER 0Hz TO 5 MHz.
 SOUND SECTION
• THE SOUND SIGNAL IS ALSO AMPLIFIED
ALONG WITH PICTURE SIGNAL IN I.F. STAGES.
• ITS JOB IS TO DETECT SOUND SIGNAL FROM
DETECTED VIDEO SIGNAL.
• A TRAP CKT.(B.P.F.) IS USED TO SEPARATE
SOUND SIGNAL FROM THE BASEBAND
COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL AT THE O/P OF
VIDEO DETECTOR.
 SOUND DETECTION

FROM
FROM SOUND
SOUND AMP.
AMP. FM
FM
VIDEO
VIDEO TRAP
TRAP +LIMITER
+LIMITER DETECTOR
DETECTOR
DETECTOR
DETECTOR 5.50.75MHz
5.50.75MHz 5.50.75MHz
5.50.75MHz

AUDIO
AUDIO
AMPL.
AMPL.
 SYNC SEPARATION

TWO
TWO
LEVEL
LEVEL
CLIPPER
CLIPPER

HIGH PASS RC CAN INTEGRATOR

INTEGRATOR DIFFEREN-
DIFFEREN-
LOWPASS
LOWPASSRC TIATOR
ALSO ALLOW HIGH RC TIATOR
HIGH
HIGHPASS
PASS
FREQ. NOISE TO RC
RC
PASS.THIS MAY CAUSE
WRONG HORZ.
TRIGGERING.AN AFC
CIRCUIT IS USED TO
PROTECT THIS.
 DEFLECTION CIRCUITS
• THEY ARE USED TO DEFLECT THE BEAM
HORIZONTALLY AND VERTICALLY.
• FOT THIS, THE CIRCUITS USED ARE:
HORIZONTAL OSCI.,HORZ. AMP.,VERTICAL
OSCI. AND VERTICAL AMPL..
• THE OSCI. PROVIDE SYNCHRONIZATION FOR
STILL PICTURE WHILE AMPLIFIERS PRODUCE
SCANNING CURRENT.
• THE OSCI. ARE BOTH FREE RUNNUNG OSCI.
• THE SYNC I/P CONTROLS THEIR FREQ. OF
OSCI.
• THE SYNC PULSES COULD BE DIRECTLY
GIVEN TO THE AMPLIFIERS.
• BUT IN THIS SITUATION, WHEN THERE IS
NO VIDEO SIGNAL, THE RASTER IS EMPTY.
• THIS IS TEASING TO THE VIEWER.
• SO, OSCI. ARE USED AND ARE KEPT FREE
RUNNUNG.
 VERTICAL DEFLECTION
VERTICAL
SYNC VERTICAL
VERTICAL CURRENT
CURRENT VERTICAL
VERTICAL
PULSE OSCI.
OSCI. AMPLI.
AMPLI. AMPLI.
AMPLI.

V-HOLD VERTICAL
DEFLEC-
TION COIL
 HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION
HORZ. TIMING
TIMING
SYNC COMPARA
COMPARA RC
RC V.C.O.
V.C.O.
PULSE TOR
TOR FILTER.
FILTER.

HORZ.
DEFLEC-
TION COIL
 YOKE
• IT IS COMBINATION OF HORZ. AND VERTI.
DEFL. COILS.
• THE AMPLIFIERS MUST PRODUCE SUFFUCIENT
CURRENTS TO SCAN ENTIRE RASTER.
• THE VERT. AMP. PRODUCES HEIGHT AND
HORZ. AMP. PRODUCES WIDTH.
• CURRENTS IN BOTH THE COILS ARE
SAWTOOTH.
 VERTICAL SCANNING CURRENT
• AT 50Hz RESI. OF COIL IS MUCH GREATER
THAN INDUCTANCE.
• SO, IT BEHAVES AS A RESI.
• SO, TO PRODUCE SAWTOOTH CURRENT, WE
NEED SAWTOOTH VOLTAGE ACROSS VERTI.
COIL.
• THIS MEANS O/P OF VERTI. AMPLI. MUST BE
SAWTOOTH.
HORIZONTAL SCANNING CURRENT
• AT 15625Hz RESI. OF COIL IS MUCH LESS THAN
INDUCTANCE.
• SO, IT BEHAVES AS AN INDUCTOR.
• SO, TO PRODUCE SAWTOOTH CURRENT, WE
NEED CONSTANT VOLTAGE ACROSS HORZ.
COIL.
• THIS MEANS O/P OF HORZ. AMPLI. MUST BE
RECTANGULAR.
 POWER SUPPLY
• ALL ACTIVE DEVICES ICs AND PICTURE TUBE NEED A DC
SOURCE.
• IT IS SUPPLIED BY RECTIFICATION OF AC MAINS VOLTAGE
AND FILTERS ARE PROVIDED TO REMOVE RIPPLES FROM
DC O/P.THE RANGE OF VOLTAGES REQUIRED BY VARIOUS
DEVICES CAN BE DIVIDED IN CONVINIENT GROUPS..
• LOW VOLTAGE:12-35 V FOR ICs’ AND SMALL SIGNAL
AMPLIFIERS’ BIASING.
• MEDIUM VOLTAGE:150 V-500V FOR SCREEN AND FOCUS
GREEDS AND VIDEO AMPLIFIERS.
• HIGH VOLTAGE:15- 25 kV FOR FINAL ANODE.