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ANHYDROUS HYDROCHLORIC ACID:

PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORTATION

PREPARED BY :
GUIDED BY

PRUTHVISH MEHTA
:

PROF. K.S. AGRAWAL

INTRODUCTION

Hydrogen chloride (IUPAC NAME), chemical compound, HCl, a colorless, poisonous


gas with an unpleasant, acrid odor.
Hydrogen chloride is a diatomic molecule, consisting of a hydrogen atom H and a
chlorine atom Cl connected by a covalent single bond.
It is very soluble in water and readily soluble in alcohol and ether.
It fumes in moist air.
Because of its acidic nature, hydrogen chloride is corrosive, particularly in the
presence of moisture
It is not flammable, and the liquid is a poor conductor of electricity.

http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Hydrogen_chloride.aspx

USES

Manufacture of rubber.

Pharmaceuticals.

Inorganic and organic chemicals as well as in gasoline refining.

Metals processing.

Wool reclaiming.

Rubber hydrochloric films that a strong, water resistant and packaging material .

Manufacturing insert bearing blanks

In electronics industry, a high purity grade of hydrogen chloride is used as an etchant for
semiconductor materials

Handbook of compressed gases, Compressed Gas Association, Springer Science & Business Media, 30-Jun-1999, page 417418

PROPERTIES

PYSICAL PROPERTIES

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Molecular weight : 36.461 g/mol

Latent heat of fusion (1,013 bar, at


melting point) : 54.853 kJ/kg

Melting point : -114.18 C

Latent heat of vaporization (1.013 bar at


boiling point) : 448.87 kJ/kg

Boiling point (1.013 bar) : -85 C

Critical temperature : 0.975 C

Liquid density (1.013 bar at boiling


point) : 1192.98 kg/m3

Critical pressure : 83.56 bar

Gas density (1.013 bar at boiling point) :


2.1 kg/m3

Critical density : 450.136 kg/m3

http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/Encyclopedia.asp?GasID=17

PRODUCTION

LABORATORY METHODS:

Direct synthesis:
Combination of hydrogen and chlorine in presence of UV light.
Cl2(g) + H2(g) 2 HCl(g).

Organic synthesis:
Byproduct during formation of chlorinated and fluorinated organic compounds.
e.g. Teflon, Freon and other CFCs
R-H + Cl2 R-Cl + HCl
R-Cl + HF R-F + HCl

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride

HCL GENERATOR

Muriatic acid is dripped in a flask containing


sulfuric acid .
Dehydration takes place absorbing water and
liberating HCL gas.
HCl gas is the bubbled in sulphuric acid and
stirred in IPA-Iso Propyl Alcohol

https://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/hclgas.argox.html

METHODS OF SHIPMENT
Under the appropriate regulation, anhydrous hydrogen chloride is authorized for
shipment as follows:

Handbook of compressed gases, Compressed Gas Association, Springer Science & Business Media, 30-Jun-1999, page 417418

CONTAINERS AND CYLINDERS


Containers are manufactured to Department of
Transportation (DOT) regulations, which specify the
material of construction, method of manufacture, testing,
and with what products they are permitted to be filled, as
well as other details

A cylinder is a hollow tube with a closed concave base


and The opposite end is tapered to a small opening
that is threaded to accommodate the installation of a
valve.
Cylinders that meet the following TC/DOT are
authorized for hydrogen chloride service : 3A1800,
3AA1800, 3AX1800, 3AAX1800 and 3E1800.
DOT-3A2015 and DOT-3T cylinders are often used in
anhydrous hydrogen chloride services.
Handbook of compressed gases, Compressed Gas Association, Springer Science & Business Media, 30-Jun-1999, page 418-419

CARGO TANKS AND TUBE TRAILORS


Constructed of SS, the tanks conform to
DOT specification MC-331 or MC-338 and
must be insulated.

Handling large quantities tube trailors are


used.
A typical tube trailer contains 21,000
pounds of hydrogen chloride.

Handbook of compressed gases, Compressed Gas Association, Springer Science & Business Media, 30-Jun-1999, page 418

VALVES AND CONNECTIONS

The standard connection for hydrogen chloride is the CGA 330.

An alternate approved connection for high-purity applications is the CGA 634. This is called
a DISS (diameter index safety system) connection and requires a nickel gasket that seals
with 35 foot pounds of torque. This connection has a right-hand thread (loosens
counterclockwise). A new gasket should be installed each time a cylinder is connected.

http://www.airproducts.com/company/Sustainability/environment-healthandsafety/~/media/Files/PDF/company/safetygram-24.pdf

SAFETY AND HAZARDS

A threshold limit value (TLV) ceiling limit of 5 ppm or 7 mg/m3 for hydrogen chloride has been
adopted by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the American Conference
of Governmental Industrial Hygienist

Inhalation of excess quantities of hydrogen chloride produces coughing, burning of the throat,
and a chocking sensations.

Occasionally, ulceration of the nose, throat an larynx or edema of the lungs has resulted.
Repeated exposure to skin may result in burns or dermatitis.

A concentration of 50 ppm in air cannot be tolerated for more than one hour and concentration
of around 1500-2000 ppm are fatal for humans within a few minutes

Rubber or plastic aprons and gloves should be used as protective clothing with wool or other
hydrochloric acid resistant outer garments and chemical goggles.

https://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/hclgas.argox.html

THANK YOU

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