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Electromagnetic Transient Analysis of
the Saturated Iron-Core
Super conductor Fault Current Limiter

OBJECTIVES:
Superconducting fault current limiters offer
superior technical performance in comparison with
conventional methods to limit fault currents.

Considering the actual structure, the sophisticated

equivalent magnetic circuit of the SISFCL was
proposed first in the paper.

The electromagnetic transient simulation model of

the SISFCL was built in Matlab/Simulink.

Newton iteration method and fundamental

magnetic magnetization curve are introduced.

INTRODUCTION:
Higher electrical loads, new consumers, and new
distributed generation plants are constantly being added.
The concern is that the expected fault current levels may
exceed the interrupting capability of the existing CBs.
There are several traditional approaches to suppress the
fault current
System reconfiguration .
Bus splitting.

Insertion of high impedance transformers or aircore reactors.

An alternative solution to the problem, which
has gained much attention lately, is the
application of

Fault Current Limiter ,,

Comparision with SISFCL

An

FCL is typically installed in series with the

equipment to be protected.
Under

normal operating conditions, the FCL

displays negligible impedance so that the power
flow is unobstructed.
In

the event of a fault, however, the FCLs

impedance rapidly increases, which limits the
fault current.

CLASSIFICATION:
Base upon the task performed,

a.
b.
c.

un-interrupting type .
interrupting type.
Composite type.

FCLs can be implemented with passive non-linear

elements, inductive devices, vacuum switches ,
semi conductor switches, superconductors.

DESIRED FEATURES
In the normal state the FCL is expected to:

a)have a low insertion impedance;

b)be able to withstand distribution and transmission level
voltage and current ratings;
c)have a low voltage drop;
In case of a fault, the FCL is required to:

a)be capable of limiting the first fault current peak;

b)display a large increase of impedance;
c)Withstand the fault condition for a sufficient time

SATURATED IRON-CORE
SUPERCONDUCTING FAULT CURRENT
LIMITER.

WORKING OF SISFCL
In normal operation mode,
The dc current in superconducting coil drives both
iron cores into deep saturation.

As

the low permeability of saturation region, the

inductance of SISFCL is very small in normal
operation condition.
In a fault operating mode,

The high ac current drives the working points of two iron cores

to be out of saturation alternately each half cycle.

Since the permeability of the cores increases significantly, a high

impedance value is obtained to limit the fault current .

EQUIVALENT MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT

According to the law of magnetic circuits,

Hs1ls + Hy1ly + Hc1lc = Nac iac + Ndcidc =F1
Hs1ls + Hy2ly + Hc2lc = Nac iac Ndcidc =F2

(1)
(2)

According to the equivalence principle, the equivalent

excitation , currents of the two iron cores are satisfied
with
Naciac + Ndcidc =Ndci1

(3)

Naciac Ndcidc =Ndci2

(4)

The current-limiting inductances L is given by

L=L1+L2=(Ls1//Ly1//Lc1) + (Ls2//Ly2//Lc2)

(5)

By combining all these eq. the magnetic flux C1 and C2

pass through the iron cores C1 and C2, shown in Fig. 1.is
given by.
N2dcc1(1/L1)= Naciac + Ndcidc = F1

(6)

N2dcc2(1/L 2)= Naciac Ndcidc =F2

(7)

Newton iteration method is used in this paper to solve

nonlinear computation
since the magnetic flux is an unknown
quantity , e q .(6) and (7) can be transformed into
f() = 0

(8)

The correction equation of newton iteration

method is
f((k)) + f ((k)) (k) = 0

(9)

For k+1 step,

(k+1) = (k) + (k) = (k) f((k)) / f ((k))

(10)

The iteration calculation will not stop until the

following condition is satisfied
max

f i((k+1) ) <

Algorithm process

EXPECTED RESULT

MMF AND FLUX OF TWO IRON CORES