ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Nerina Ferui

HISTORY OF AI
What is AI?
-Intelligence exhibited by an artificial
entity.
-A system that perceives an environment
and takes actions that maximize its
chances of success based on information
given by a programmer.
-It is the science and engineering of
making intelligent machines, software,
games, and toys.

IMPORTANT PEOPLE IN THE EARLY STUDY OF AI

Alan Turing
-Father of modern computer science
-Concept of the algorithm
-In mathematics, an algorithm is a
definite list of well
-defined instructions for completing a
task that will proceed through a series
of consecutive states, eventually
terminating in an end-state

John McCarthy
-Professor of Computer Science at
Stanford University
-Coined the term Artificial Intelligence
in 1955
-His research area has been the
formalization of common sense
knowledge

GAMES

Pac-Man

-AI gives each enemy ghost its own particular

behavior and movements:
-Shadow: RED - chases after Pac-Man all the time.
-Speedy: PINK - Very fast but moves in a random manner.
-Bashful: BLUE - Shy at first but becomes aggressive when PacMan gets close.
-Pokey: ORANGE - Slow and moves in a random manner
-The AI gives unpredictability of movement and behavior giving
the ghosts an inner life

TOYS

Tomagotchi -A handheld digital pet created

in 1996
-Created by Aki Maita and sold by Bandai.

TOYS

Furby -A toy robot made by Tiger Electronics

-Original release in 1998 through 2000
-Created by Dave Hampton and Caleb Chung
-Furby includes both sensors and affectors.
-Enabling it to "sense" information from the environment
and permit a response to the environment.
-These are toys that learn in increasingly more and more
complex ways, exhibiting what we can call artificial
intelligence.

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?:

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
-Defined as, The study of
intelligent behavior and the
attempt to find ways in which such
behavior could be engineered in
any type of artifact.

-Basically, putting human

intelligence into a machine

The Problem
-Human intelligence is
currently not fully understood
-There is no method of
determining when a machine is
actually intelligent

THE DIVISIONS
-AIS DEFINITION LEADS TO DIVISIONS IN
WHAT AI REFERS TO TWO GENERAL TYPES:
Weak AI:
-Weak AI refers to AI that
only simulates human
thoughts and actions
-Actions, decisions, and
ideas are programmed
into it
-They mimic humans
based on their
programming
-All current forms of AI
are Weak AI

Strong AI:
-Strong AI refers to AI that
matches or exceeds human
intelligence
-Example: The robots from
the movies Matrix,
Terminator, I Robot, etc.
-Also called True AI, as
they are truly intelligent
-They dont just simulate
humans, they are intelligent
on their own

Strong AI Characteristics:
Independent reasoning
Able to learn freely and adapt
Self-aware
Free will

The Problem (again)

-To create strong AI, we need to
know what intelligence is
-Without that understanding, we
wont know when AI reaches that
level
-Currently, our only reference is
human intelligence, which we dont
fully understand

Examples of Current artificial

intelligence:

AI in your everyday life:

Cars
Self-parking
Cruise

control
Speech recognition
Banks
Intelligente Computer Games
Monitoring for fraud
Cell Phones
Voice recognition
Internet Search Engines
Sports Physical exams

Examples of Current artificial

intelligence:

Intelligent Homes:
Passive

infrared sensors
Temperature sensors
Water heating control
Central heating control
Magnetic door and window contacts
Electricity and light sensors

Examples of Current artificial

intelligence:

Military:
Unnamed

aerial vehicles
Autonomous submersibles
Unmanned surveillance in shallow waters

Medicine:
Computer

enabled overlays (used during surgery)

Learning
Retinal
Implant

System
Hearing aids

THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE:

Gradual Change -Despite the rapid advance of

technology, the advent of strong AI will be a gradual
process

The Near Future -Right now, Dr Brooks says that

artificial intelligence is about at the same place the
personal computer industry was in 1978

Jobs/Work -Even now we have Robots taking over jobs.

-Right now Japan uses about 320 robots of all sorts per 10,000
employees, while Germany uses 148 industrial robots per 10,000
employees, Italy 116, Sweden 99 and between 50 and 80 each in
the United States.

THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE:

The Chinese Room- The Chinese Room

argument makes the claim that, if a machine
acts intelligently then it has a "mind",
"understanding" and "conscious experience".

The Distant Future -A.I. and Robots are

running 40 years behind computers, said Dr
Harvey -Although they are far behind it will only
be a matter of time before they become as
regular as cell phones are in your everyday life

THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE:

AI is everywhere -In fact, artificial intelligence

already inhabits our lives
-Fuel injection systems in our cars use learning
algorithms. Jet turbines are designed using genetic
algorithms, which are both examples of AI, says Dr
Rodney Brooks, the director of MIT's artificial
intelligence laboratory.

The Artificial World We Live In

-A article written by Doug Yurchey
The Universe is unreal. Life is unreal. Nature is not
natural. Do we really live in The Matrix?