•The halogens are a group of non- metals in

the periodic table

•They all have seven electrons in their outer
shell this makes them all really reactive;
they only have to gain one more electron to
fill their outer shell.
•Unlike Group One the elements get less
reactive as you go down the group.
Name: Fluorine
Symbol: F
Atomic Number: 9
Atomic Mass: 18.998404 amu
Melting Point: -219.62 °C
Boiling Point: -188.14 °C
Number of Protons/Electrons: 9
Number of Neutrons: 10
Colour: Greenish
Name: Chlorine
Symbol: Cl
Atomic Number: 17
Atomic Mass: 35.4527 amu
Melting Point: -100.98 °C
Boiling Point: -34.6 °C
Number of Protons/Electrons:
17
Number of Neutrons: 18
Colour: green
Name: Bromine
Symbol: Br
Atomic Number: 35
Atomic Mass: 79.904 amu
Melting Point: -7.2 °C
Boiling Point: 58.78 °C
Number of Protons/Electrons:
35
Number of Neutrons: 45
Colour: Red
Name: Iodine
Symbol: I
Atomic Number: 53
Atomic Mass: 126.90447 amu
Melting Point: 113.5 °C
Boiling Point: 184.0 °C
Number of Protons/Electrons:
53
Number of Neutrons: 74
Colour: blackish
Name: Astatine
Symbol: At
Atomic Number: 85
Atomic Mass: (210.0) amu
Melting Point: 302.0 °C
Boiling Point: 337.0 °C
Number of
Protons/Electrons: 85
Number of Neutrons: 125
Colour: Unknown
The main use of fluorine
is toothpaste even
though it isn’t as fluorine
itself but instead as
fluoride, a compound of
fluorine.
Chlorine is used
mostly to kill
bacteria or as a
bleach. Chlorine
bleaches a piece of
universal indicator
paper white.
Bromine is one of the
main ingredients in
camera films (as silver
bromide).
When dissolved in water,
iodine can be used as a
strong antiseptic or as a
test for starch.
 Representative
Representative Elements
Elements
Group 17—The Halogen Group

• All the elements in Group 17 are nonmetals

except for astatine, which is a radioactive
metalloid.
• These elements are
called halogens, which
means “salt-former.”

• All of the halogens form

salts with sodium and
with the other alkali
metals.
 Representative
Representative Elements
Elements

Group 17—The Halogen Group

• Chlorine is less reactive than fluorine,

and bromine is less reactive than chlorine.
• Iodine is the least reactive of the four
nonmetals.
To put it simply, a MORE reactive halogen will displace a LESS
reactive halogen from a solution of its salt.

Potassium Potassium Potassium

F chloride bromide iodide KI (aq)
Decreasing reactivity

KCl(aq) KBr(aq )

Cl Chlorine
Cl2
Br
Bromine
Br2
I
Iodine
I2
 Colou State
r
F

INCREASING DENSITY
Yellow Gas

MOLECULAR SIZE

DECREASING
REACTIVITY
Cl Green

INCREASING
Gas

Br Orange Liquid

I
Grey/black
Solid
At Black Solid
Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine
Toothpaste Water Photographic Disinfectant
disinfection film Halogen
Water
treatment Hydrochloric Tear gas lamps
acid X ray
Extraction of Flame
Aluminium Plastics retardants diagnosis

Non stick Bleaches Pharmaceutic Salt additive

coatings als Thyroid
Enrichment treatment
of Uranium Cancer
treatment
All of the halogens will react with Alkali metals to produce
ionic compounds

ALKALI METAL + HALOGEN METAL HALIDE

Sodium + Chlorine Sodium Chloride

2Na + Cl2 2NaCl

Complete these equations

Lithium + Bromine Lithium Bromide

Potassium + Iodine Potassium Iodide

All of the halogens will react with Hydrogen to produce gasas

HYDROGEN + HALOGEN HYDROGEN HALIDE

Hydrogen + Chlorine Hydrogen Chloride

H2 + Cl2 2HCl

Complete these equations

Hydrogen + Bromine Hydrogen

Bromide
Hydrogen + Iodine
Hydrogen Iodide
Follow the pattern to write the balanced chemical equations
 All of the halogens will react with water to produce 2 acids
WATER + HALOGEN ACID 1 + ACID 2

Water + Chlorine Hydrochloric + Hydrochlorus

Acid Acid

H2O + Cl2 HCl + HOCl

This also happens with Bromine and Iodine and the acids formed are
much stronger!