ACM - Adaptive Code Modulation

FibeAir IP-10s Key Feature

IP-10 utilizes a unique Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)
Modulation range: QPSK - 256QAM

Modulation changes to maintain link when radio signal degrades

Mechanism automatically recovers to max. configured modulation when
received signal improves

Optimized for mobile backhaul all-IP and TDM-to-IP migration

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Adaptive Coding and Modulation

Utilize highest possible modulation considering the changing environmental
conditions

Hitless & errorless switchover between modulation schemes

Maximize spectrum usage - Increased capacity over given bandwidth
Service differentiation with improved SLA
Increased capacity and availability

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Adaptive Coding and Modulation

When we engineer our services, we may assign certain services to

highest priority

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ACM & SLA

When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services are
maintained
200 Mbps

170 Mbps

Premium

112 Mbps
32 QAM

The above diagram shows an example when 28MHz is used

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Silver

128 QAM

Best Efort

256 QAM

IP-10 Enhanced ACM Support

8 modulation/coding working points (~3db system gain for each point
change)

Hit-less and Error-less modulation/coding changes based on signal

quality

Throughput per radio carrier:

10 to 50 Mbps @ 7MHz Channel
25 to 100 Mbps @ 14MHz Channel
45 to 220 Mbps @ 28 MHz Channel
90 to 500 Mbps @ 56 MHz Channel

MSE is analyzed to trigger

ACM modulation changes
Zero downtime - A must for mission-critical services
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IP-10 radio capacity - ETSI

7MHz

Modulation

# of
E1s

Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)

QPSK

8 PSK

14MHz

Modulation

9.5 13.5

QPSK

20 - 29

14 20

8 PSK

12

29 - 41

16 QAM

19 28

16 QAM

18

42 - 60

32 QAM

10

24 34

32 QAM

20

49 70

64 QAM

12

28 40

64 QAM

24

57 82

128 QAM

13

32 46

128 QAM

29

69 - 98

256 QAM

16

38 54

256 QAM

34

81 - 115

256 QAM

18

42 60

256 QAM

37

87 - 125

28MHz

40MHz

56MHz

ACM
Point

Modulation

# of
E1s

Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)

ACM
Point

Modulatio
n

# of
E1s

Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)

ACM
Point

Modulation

# of
E1s

Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)

QPSK

16

38 - 54

QPSK

23

56 - 80

QPSK

32

76 - 109

8 PSK

22

53 - 76

8 PSK

34

82 - 117

8 PSK

48

114 - 163

16 QAM

32

77 - 110

16 QAM

51

122 - 174

16 QAM

64

151 - 217

32 QAM

44

103 - 148

32 QAM

65

153 - 219

32 QAM

75

202 - 288

64 QAM

54

127 - 182

64 QAM

75

188 - 269

64 QAM

75

251 - 358

128 QAM

66

156 - 223

128 QAM

75

214 - 305

128 QAM

75

301 - 430

256 QAM

71

167 - 239

256 QAM

75

239 - 342

256 QAM

75

350 - 501

256 QAM

75

183 - 262

256 QAM

75

262 - 374

256 QAM

75

372 - 531

Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size

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# of
E1s

Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)

ACM
Point

ACM
Point

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IP-10 radio capacity - FCC

10MHz

20MHz

# of
E1s

Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)

QPSK

16

28 - 40

8 PSK

22

39 - 56

28 40

16 QAM

32

57 - 81

18

32 46

32 QAM

38

67 - 96

64 QAM

24

42 61

64 QAM

52

93 - 133

128 QAM

28

50 71

128 QAM

58

102 - 146

256 QAM

30

54 78

256 QAM

67

118 - 169

256 QAM

33

60 85

256 QAM

73

129 - 185

Modulation

# of
E1s

Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)

QPSK

8 PSK

ACM
Point

Modulation

13 18

10

19 27

16 QAM

16

32 QAM

ACM
Point

30MHz

40MHz

50MHz

ACM
Point

Modulation

# of
E1s

Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)

ACM
Point

Modulatio
n

# of
E1s

Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)

ACM
Point

Modulation

# of
E1s

Ethernet
Capacity
(Mbps)

QPSK

22

39 - 55

QPSK

31

56 - 80

QPSK

37

65 - 93

8 PSK

35

62 - 89

8 PSK

46

82 - 117

8 PSK

59

105 - 150

16 QAM

52

93 - 133

16 QAM

69

122 - 174

16 QAM

74

131 - 188

32 QAM

68

120 - 171

32 QAM

84

153 - 219

32 QAM

84

167 - 239

64 QAM

80

142 - 202

64 QAM

84

188 - 269

64 QAM

84

221 - 315

128 QAM

84

164 - 235

128 QAM

84

214 - 305

128 QAM

84

264 - 377

256 QAM

84

185 - 264

256 QAM

84

239 - 342

256 QAM

84

313 - 448

256 QAM

84

204 - 292

256 QAM

84

262 - 374

256 QAM

84

337 - 482

Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size

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IP-10 Enhanced radio capacity for Ethernet traffic

Intelligent Ethernet header compression mechanism (patent pending)
Improved effective Ethernet throughput by up to 45%
No affect on user traffic

Ethernet
packet size (bytes)

Capacity increase by
compression

64

45%

96

29%

128

22%

256

11%

512

5%
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IP-10 Native2 radio dynamic capacity allocation

Example: 28MHz channel bandwidth
32QAM

128QAM

256QAM

All Ethernet

112Mbps

170Mbps

200Mbps

20 E1s + Ethernet

20 E1s + 66Mbps

20 E1s + 123Mbps 20 E1s + 154Mbps

44 E1s + Ethernet

44 E1s + 10Mbps

44 E1s + 67Mbps

44 E1s + 98Mbps

66 E1s + Ethernet

66 E1s + 15Mbps

66 E1s + 47Mbps

75 E1s + Ethernet

Example
Modulation
Example
traffic mix

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75 E1s + 25Mbps

Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM)

Its all about handling data...

Current Microwave systems are designed with

Availability Equal for all Services
nXT1/E1

?
99.99 %

Less availability can be accepted for many data services

Need for Services Classification :
Microwave systems shall treat services in different ways
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Fewer Hops

Optional solution for several planning constrains

Example - Reducing Hops count until reaching fiber site
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Decreased tower loads: Wind, Space, Weight

4.5km/2.8 miles path, 56MHz channel, 400Mbps, 256QAM, 99.999% availability

Without Adaptive Modulation: requires 4 ft antennas

Modulation

Throughput (Mbps)

)%( Availability

Unavailability of
modulation

Outage 5 minutes and 15 seconds

256QAM (2)

400

99.999

4min, 28sec

With Adaptive Modulation: requires 1 ft antennas

Modulation

Throughput (Mbps)

)%(Availability

Unavailability of
modulation

Outage 5 minutes and 15 seconds

QPSK

80

99.999

5min, 3sec

8PSK

120

99.998

9min, 3sec

16QAM

160

99.997

11min, 4sec

32QAM

210

99.996

16min, 42sec

64QAM

260

99.995

24min, 35sec

128QAM

320

99.992

37min, 35sec

256QAM (1)

360

99.989

55min, 33sec

256QAM (2)

400

99.985

1hr,18min, 13sec

Assumed rain zone K, 23 [GHz] band

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Source: Ceragon Networks

ACM Benefit in TDM to IP migration scenario

SMOOTH Migration

Typical 4E1 radio

QPSK
7MHz channel
99.999% availability

4xE1
7MHz channel

Upgrade to 4E1 + 40Mbps Ethernet

5 TIMES THE CAPACITY
SAME ANTENNAS
Same 7MHz channel
QPSK 256QAM with ACM
99.999% availability for the E1s
Low cost, scalable, pay as you grow
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4xE1 + 40Mbps
Ethernet
7MHz channel

Traffic Prioritization
When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services are
maintained while low services are dropped
When link capacity is recovered, low services are recovered as well
QoS is applied first to drop ETH low services
(e.g. Customer is advised to assign configure QoS to maintain In-Band
Management when link capacity degrades)
E1/T1 traffic has higher priority over Ethernet traffic
Each E1/T1 can be configured as High/Low priority
TDM Low priority is dropped first
TDM High priority is dropped according to order of configuration

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ACM Working Boundaries

Link capacity is determined according to License and applied script
ACM Script consists of Channel BW, max. Capacity and Modulation
Highest modem script is applied using MRMC configuration window
When Automatic State Propagation is enabled, GbE (SFP) port can be
configured to shutdown when ACM is below a pre-defined script

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Thank You !
training@ceragon.com

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