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Topology
Introduction
During the topology design phase
you identify networks and interconnection points
the size and scope of networks,
And the types of internetworking devices
Enterprise WAN
Core
Backbone
Campus A
Campus B
Layer
Campus C
Campus C Backbone
Distribut
ion
Layer
Access Layer
Building C-2
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Flat VS Hierarchical
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Flat Network
With a flat network design, there is no hierarchy.
In a flat network all connecting devices are on the same
level
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Grants Pass
Branch Office
Klamath Falls
Branch Office
Ashland
Branch
Office
Grants Pass
Branch
Office
Headquarters in
Medford
Klamath Falls
Branch Office
Ashland
Branch
Office
White City
Branch Office
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Flat LAN
The workstations, printers, and servers here use a MAC process,
such as Ethernet's carrier sense multiple access collision detect
(CSMA/CD), controlling access to the shared bandwidth.
These devices are all part of the same bandwidth and broadcast
domain and have the capability to impact the throughput of other
devices and cause delay in traffic delivery.
For networks with high bandwidth requirements- numerous users
and/or
traffic-intensive
applications,
network
designers
recommend attaching the workstations, printers, and servers to
switches rather than hubs.
hubs work at the physical layer (Layer 1) and switches work at the
data link layer (Layer 2), the network is segmented into multiple
smaller collision domains.
AAB-updated Sem 2-1516
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This means that a small number of devices compete for bandwidth at any
Mesh VS Hierarchical
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Mesh topologies
Network designer recommend mesh topology to meet
availability requirements.
2 types of mesh topologies ;
Full mesh
Every router /switch is connected to every other router/switch
Provide complete redundancy, good performance
Partial mesh
Has fewer connection
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Mesh topology
Disadvantages;
Expensive to deploy and maintain
Hard to optimize, troubleshoot and upgrade
Have scalability limits for groups of routers that broadcast
routing updates or service advertisement.
As the number of router CPU adjacencies increases, the amount of
bandwidth and CPU resources devoted to processing updates
increases.
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Mesh Designs
Partial-Mesh Topology
Full-Mesh Topology
AAB-updated Sem 2-1516
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A Partial-Mesh Hierarchical
Design
Headquarters
(Core Layer)
Regional
Offices
(Distribution
Layer)
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Mesh ..continue
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Continue..
Second- strict control of the network topology at the
access layer should be maintained.
The access layer is the most susceptible to violations-since
user have the tendency to add network to the internetwork
inappropriately.
Exp: a network admin at a branch office might connect the
branch network to another branch adding the fourth layeradding a chain-common mistake.
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Continue..
Third- avoid backdoors is a connection between
devices in the same layer.
A backdoor can be an extra router, bridge, or switch added to
connect two networks.
It is should be avoided since they can cause unexpected
routing and switching problems and make network
documentation and troubleshooting more difficult.
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Continue..
Finally- design the access layer first, followed by
distribution layer then the core layer.
Why access layer?
Can accurately perform capacity planning for the distribution
and core layers.
Can also recognize the optimization techniques you will need
for the distribution and core layers.
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Drawback of redundancy
Add complexity
To the network topology
To network addressing
To routing
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References
http://www.edrawsoft.com/Network-Architecture.php
http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/~gorry/eg3561/intro-pages/protocols.html
http://study-ccna.com/collision-broadcast-domain
http://www.google.com/images
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