DEFINITION AND CONCEPT

TOURISM

here has been a Global increase

n tourism in the last 60 years.
Why?
People have more disposable
income.
Companies give more paid
holidays than they used to.
Travel has become cheaper
(particularly air travel)
Holiday providers now use the
internet to sell their products to
people directly which also makes
them cheaper.

e areas are also becoming more pop

than they used to be.
Why
Improvements in transport (e.g. more
airports) have made it quicker and easier to
travel to places.
Countries in more unusual destinations
such as the middle east and Africa have got
better at marketing themselves as tourist
attractions. This means more people are
aware of them.
Many countries have invested in
infrastructure for tourism to make them
more attractive to visitors.

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
What is Tourism
There is no single definition of tourism that is
universally accepted.
WTO , Madrid, Spain, is a specialized agency of the
United Nations.
The World Tourism Organization defines tourism as
Activities of persons traveling to and staying in
places outside their usual environment for not more
than one consecutive year for leisure, business and
other purposes not related to the exercise of an
activity remunerated from within the place visited.

HISTORY OF TOURISM
Antiquity
Works of art,learn new languages , experience new cultures, and to taste different
cuisines 2nd century AD

Middle Ages
Distant journeys for health or spiritual improvement, 10th- to 13th-century

Grand Tour
Trip aroundEurope, (especiallyGermanyandItaly), The Grand Tour became a real
status symbol for upper class students in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Emergence of leisure travel

Leisure travel was associated with theIndustrial Revolutionin the
United Kingdom the first European country to promote leisure time
to the increasing industrial population.

Cruise shipping

(Leisurecruise shipswere introduced by the

Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O) in 1844)

MODERN DAY TOURISM

Winter tourism
Mass tourism
Adjectival tourism

(Niche or specialty travel

forms of tourism that have emerged over the years
Birth tourism, Cultural tourism, Heritage tourism, Medical
tourism, Religious tourism, Wildlife tourism, etc.)

Recent developments

(Sustainable

tourism, Ecotourism, etc.)

Growth

(Space tourism, Sports tourism, etc.)

TOURIST DESTINATION
Destinations..... they all share certain
characteristics; attractions, amenities and
accessibility.
Atourist destinationis acity,town, or
other area that is dependent to a
significant extent on the revenues
accruing from tourism, or "a country,
state, region, city, or town which is
marketed or markets itself as a place for
tourists to visit.

DESTINATION SUCCESS
Amalgam of the six As
Amenities
Attractions
Activities
Accessibility
Ancillary Services
Available packages

WHAT IS AN INDUSTRY
Well (1989) defines an industry as
a number of firms that produce
similar goods and services and
therefore are in competition with one
another.
For instance, the steel industry is
defined by the steel products they
produce.

TOURISM INDUSTRY
Unlike other industries that are defined by the
products and services they produce (the
supply side), the tourism industry is defined
from a demand side perspective.
A tourism industry supplies products and
services to tourists.
The Tourism Industry is defined as individuals,
businesses & organizations that are working
to provide product & services (including
information) to tourists.
They include those that work in
transportation, lodging, entertainment and
food & beverage.

TOURISM INDUSTRY
SECTORS
Several interacting industries make
up the tourism system, including:
Transportation
Attractions
Foodservice

OVERVIEW
Its boom time for Indias tourism and
hospitality sector.
A 5,000 year history , culture ,religion and
alternative medicine fascinate both budget
and luxury travelers alike.
The focus of the industries on the Atithi
Devo Bhavahcampaign, targeted at the
inbound foreign tourists in the country.
Translated literally this means Guest is
God.

OVERVIEW OF INDIAN TOURISM

INDUSTRY
The contribution of travel and
tourism to the country'sGDPis
expected to rise by 7.5 per cent to Rs
2,34,145 crore this year.
Travel and tourism had contributed
Rs 2,17,810 crore to the GDP in 2013
Tourism inIndia accounts for 6.8 per
cent of the GDP and is the third
largest foreign exchange earner for
the country"

OVERVIEW contd.
Indias GDP will exceed
Italys in 2020,
Frances in 2020
Germanys in 2025 and
Japans in 2035
Goldman Sachs Projections (US 2003 $ Billion)

TOURISM GROWTH IN INDIA

According to World Tourism Organization
estimates, India will lead in South Asia
with 8.9 million arrivals by 2020
India is poised to emerge as the 2nd
fastest growing (8.8%) tourism economy in
the world over 2005-15 according to the
World Travel & Tourism

PROMOTION OF TOURISM
Incredible India! :- AMITABH BACHAN. (Brand
Ambassador)
Gujarat Tourism :- AMITABH BACHCHAN. (B.Amb)
Kingdom of Dreams:- SHAHRUKH KHAN. (B.Amb)
Goa Tourism:- PRACHI DESAI. (B.Amb)
Kerala Tourism:- Govt. of Kerala (Incredible India!).
Rajasthan Tourism:- Govt. of Rajasthan(Incredible
India!).
Madhya Pradesh Tourism:- Govt. of MP(Incredible
India!).

TYPES OF TOURIST

VISITOR
Any people visiting a country other than that
in which he/she has his usual place of
residence, for any reason other than following
occupation remunerated from with country
visited and remaining at least 24 hours.
They stay more than 24 hours and less than 1
month.
They are not involved in earning activities.
All visitors are not tourists.

TYPES OF TOURIST contd.

TOURIST
Any person coming to country for legitimate
reason other than immigration and who
stays at least 24 hours and at most 6
months during the same year.
They stay more than 24 hours and less than
6 months.
Their activities should be of Economic
Nature.
All the tourists are called visitors

LEVELS OF TOURISM
TheWorld Tourism Organisation (WTO) cited
these definitions of tourism:
International Tourism:Consists of inbound
tourism, visits to a country by nonresidents, and outbound tourism, residents
of a country visiting another country
Domestic Tourism:Internal tourism plus
inbound tourism (the tourism market of
accommodation facilities and attractions
within a country)

LEVELS OF TOURISM contd.

Internal Tourism:Residents of a
country visiting their own country
I. Intra Regional
II. Inter Regional
. National Tourism:Internal tourism
plus outbound tourism (the resident
tourism market for travel agents
and airlines.

A Choice Between
Two Categories of Tourism:
MASS TOURISM V.S. ALTERNATIVE
Mass Tourism:
The organized movement of large groups of
people to specialized tourist locations.
A consequence of the increase of people
traveling for pleasure; developed to cater to
huge numbers of tourists.
Examples: Theme parks, tourism business
districts, cruises, packaged vacations, allinclusive resorts, etc.

Mass Tourism

A Choice Between
Two Categories of Tourism:
MASS TOURISM V.S. ALTERNATIVE
Alternative Tourism:
Individually planned activities to gain and
experience first-hand knowledge about local
cultures and environments.
Focus on secluded areas, occur during nonpeak travelling times, can include arranging
own flights and accommodations.
Example: a self-planned biking trip through
Vermont, while camping or arranging
accommodations as you go.

Alternative Tourism

A Quick Comparison
between Mass and
Alternative Tourism
Mass Tourism

Alternative Tourism

large groups
traditional
fixed program
focus on sights
little or no background research
desire for souvenirs
purchase items while there
may involve loud social activities
snapshots and postcards
no language preparation

singles, families, friends

recent trend
spontaneous decisions
focus on experiences
careful preparation and research
desire for memories / knowledge
bring items to give away
quiet, low impact
photography and painting
learn local language

Pleasure Tourism
To improve the physical or spiritual condition of an
individual .
Examples: yoga workshops, spas, etc.

Business Tourism
To complete a business transaction or attend a
business meeting / conference.

Nature Tourism
To enjoy a natural setting or wildlife, including
ecotourism.

Cultural Tourism
To experience the history, and culture of a people.

Social Tourism
Travel that involves the company of others, such as
tour-bus travel or family visits.

Recreation Tourism
To escape the routine of daily life, such as camping
or going to a beach.

Active Tourism
Has a set objective, such as climbing a mountain or
learning a new language.

Sports Tourism
To experience a sport or sporting event, such as ski
holidays or the Olympics.

Religious Tourism
Involves visiting a place of spiritual significance.

Health / Medical Tourism

To improve ones health, such as a visit to a health
resort or weight-loss camp.

*Adventure Tourism
Involves challenges and adventure, such as trekking
through a tropical rainforest or rock climbing.

* Types of Sustainable Tourism, a movement, which

started around 2000.

*Wilderness Tourism
To experience something very different from
everyday life in remote wilderness areas.

* Types of Sustainable Tourism, a movement, which

started around 2000.

*Ecotourism
Stresses low-impact adventure in a natural setting;
sometimes called green tourism.

* Types of Sustainable Tourism, a movement, which started

around 2000.

Special interest tourist (STI):

have

particular interest such as bird watching,

food and wine, flowers, fishing during the
Sardine Run, or attending the Cape Town
Book Fair.

Sport and recreation tourist: participate in or watch sporting events. Popular events include the
Soccer World Cup, Winblendon Tennis Championship, Comrades Marathon, and Fisher River
Canoe Marathon. Surfing, mountain climbing, cricket, swimming, golf and tennis are popular
sports.

Tourist travelling to visit friends and relatives

(VFR)
Tourist visiting friends and relatives (VFR)
want to stay in contact with friends and
relatives and travel away from home to
visit them.
These tourist may travel to attend a
wedding, funeral, or birthday celebration of
friends or relatives.

Historical
Involves visiting a place of spiritual
significance.

IMPORTANCE
Economic growth of the region as a whole gets a boost.
Development of better infrastructure, mainly in
transportation,
accommodation and air services.
The elements of relaxation, shopping and sightseeing are
usually
included in MICE trips. Hence ,most MICE travellers
can be converted into leisure travellers who would
spend money on sightseeing and shopping.
It is quite common for delegates to bring along a
companion. Thus, MICE tourism is a powerful revenue
earner and the foreign exchange generated goes
straight to the core of the regions economy, ultimately
generating income for other parts of the country.
MICE events increase awareness of the host country ,
create employment and income.
MICE tourism strengthens the brand value and

REQUIREMENTS
Efficient transport network, connections and airport
arrival processes.
Proximity of MICE facilities to airport and public
transport facilities
Hotels with good MICE facilities (conference and
meeting rooms)
Cultural attractions in the city (theatres, churches,
museums)
Shopping (souvenirs, fashion, local delicacies,
handicrafts), sightseeing and excursions in the MICE
environment.

NEW TRENDS IN TRAVEL

World Tourism Organisation Tourism

Forecasts to 2020

International tourism will continue to

boom in the 21st century
increasing to almost 1.6 billion in
2020
this is 2.5 times the volume
recorded in the late 1990s
Annual average growth rate in
international tourist arrivals is 4.1
per cent a year
well above the maximum probable
expansion of around 3 per cent per

Emerging Destinations and Origins

Principal new international destinations include:
China, Vietnam and Mekong River countries
the Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe
and Latin America
Emerging Origin markets include
the new economic powerhouses of Asia
(China, Korea, Taiwan, India and Malaysia)
large population countries - Indonesia, Brazil,
Argentina, Mexico, and, to some extent, the
Eastern European countries
Domestic tourism is playing a predominant role.
for the OECD area, domestic tourism
consumption accounts for about 75% of
tourism consumption within the zone

Organisation for Economic Co-opertation and

Dveloppent (OECD )Countries
During the last 20 years, the growth rate of tourism
arrivals in OECD countries has averaged 2.8% per
year, well ahead of the GDP growth rate of 2.4% for
the zone
In the OECD area, the employment growth rate in
the tourism industry exceeded 2% per year between
2000 and 2009, more than a percentage point ahead
of the total employment growth rate

E-Tourism

E-Tourism contd.

Contd.

When technology involved