NEAR FIELD

COMMUNICATIO
N

INTRODUCTION
NFC,

is one of the latest wireless

communication technologies. In shortrange wireless connectivity
technology,NFC offers safe yet simple
communication between electronic
devices.
It enables exchange of data between
devices over a distance of 4cm or less.
NFC operates at 13.56MHz and rates
ranging from 106 kbit/s to 848 kbit/s.

ADVANTAGES OF 13.56.

HOW NFC WORKS?

CODING

MANCHESTER
CODING

Possible transitions occur

at the midpoint of A
period
Low to high transitions

stands for bit

bit 0

1, H to L for

MODIFIED
MILLERCODE
Character by pauses
occuring in the carrier at
different positions
Coding char. As 0 after 0,0
after 1 and 0 after o or 1

POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS OF
ACTIVE/PASSIVE DEVICES AS
INITIATOR AND TARGET
INITIATOR

TARGET

ACTIVE

POSSIBLE

POSSIBLE

PASSIVE

NOT POSSIBLE

POSSIBLE
READ
/WRITE
MODE

COMMUNICATION
MODES OF NFC

PEER TO
PEER MODE
CARD
EMULATION
MODE

READER WRITER MODE

READER/WRITER MODE
Define How To Read And Write NDEF Data From/To a
Tag
Types 1 And 2: Proprietary Tags Based On ISO 14443
Type A
TYPE 3:PROPRIETARY TAG BASED ON FeliCa
TYPE 4: OPEN TAG BASED ON ISO 14443 TYPE A Or
B
AND ISO 7816-4
NDEF

Third Party
REFERENCE
NDEF
APPLICATION
Applications
STYPE 1-4 TAG
OPERATION

Non-NDEF
Applicatio
ns

DIGITAL PROTOCOL

ANALOGUE

CARD EMULATION MODE

CARD EMULATION
MODE
Proprietary Contactless Card Applications
Eg. Payments, Ticketing,access Control Based
on
ISO 1443A/B or FeliCa

Applications
Digital Protocol

Analogue

PEER TO PEER MODE

PEER TO PEER MODE

Ref
Apps
Simple
NDEF
Exchange
Protocol

APPLICATIONS
NFC FORUM
REGISTERED
PROTOCOLS
PROTOCOL
BINDINGS

OTHER
PROTOCOLS

LOGICAL LINK CONTROL PROTOCOL

DIGITAL PROTOCOL
ANALOGUE

NFC Vs OTHER
TECHNOLOGIES

SPECIFICATIONS RELEASED TO
DATE

APPLICATIONS

SECURITY ASPECTS:
EAVESDROPPING:

A Passive Device, Which Does Not Generate Its Own

RF Field Is Much Harder To Eavesdrop Than An Active Device.
DATA

MODIFICATION:

In Order To Modify The Transmitted Data Intruder

Has To Deal With The Single Bits Of RF Signal.
RELAY

ATTACK:
The Adversary Has To Forward The
Request Of The Reader To The Victim And Relay Back
Its Answer To The Reader In Real Time.

FUTURE PROSPECTS IN NEAR

FUTURE
By

2013, one in five phones will have NFC

(Source: Juniper Research)

The

analyst forecasts the gross transaction

value of made via NFC will exceed $75bn
globally by 2013

Japan

is the early adopter of NFC with FeliCaenabled phones - (FeliCA is a contactless IC

card technology developed by Sony)
http://www.sony.net/Products/felica/abt/wht.ht
ml

ADVANTAGES

CONCLUSION

In summary near field communication is an efficient technology

for communication with short ranges. It offers an intuitive AND
SIMPLE WAY TO TRANSFER DATA BETWEEN ELECTRONIC
DEVICES.A significant advantage of this technology is the
compatibility with existing RFID infrastructure. Additionally, it
would bring benefits to the longer range wireless technologies as
WI-FI and Bluetooth. NFC is not a fashionable nice to have
technology, but actually a technology that makes peoples lives
easier-Easier to pay for goods and services, Easier to use public
transport and Easier to share data between devices,.

QUERIES