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Tomography
Basic principles
V.G.Wimalasena
Principal
School of Radiography
Introduction
History
Prototype CT scanner
Modern CT scanner
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CT Gantry Internal
structure
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x-ray tube
filters, collimator, and reference
detector
internal projector
x-ray tube heat exchanger (oil
cooler)
high voltage generator (0-75kV)
direct drive gantry motor
rotation control unit
data acquisition system (DAS)
detectors
slip rings
Understanding Basic
Absorption
factors
:-stopping of x-rays
with transfer of
energy
Scatter:- deflection
of x-rays
Incident Intensity :No. of x-ray photons
falling on an object
Transmitted
Incident xIntensity:- No. of
ray beam
photons passing
through
Scattered x-rays
Transmitted
X-ray beam
Attenuation
The reduction of the
beam intensity on
passing through the
material due to
absorption plus
scatter
The degree of
attenuation is
obtained by
measuring and
comparing the
incident and
transmitted
intensities
More dense
material
Less
transmitted
x-rays
More
transmitted
x-rays
Less dense
material
Applications of X-ray
attenuation & detection
Conventional X-ray
(Radiography)
Conventional Tomography
Computed Tomography
Conventional X-Ray
Conventional x-ray
produces a
compression of a
volume to a plane
The detector is the
Silver halide crystal
on a x-ray film
The degree of
blackening
represents the total
attenuation through
the path of x-ray
photons
Conventional
Tomography
CT Scan
CT scan produces
axial
sections/cuts /Slices
The CT image is
recorded through a
SCAN.
Scan?
A scan is made up
of multiple X-Ray
attenuation
measurements
around an objects
periphery
X-ray tube
Detector
Slice / Cut
To be continued
.CTComplementary2