Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
assistant-professor Volodymyr
Voloshyn
(in accordance with Ya.Ya. Bodnar et al., Rubin & Farber, Serov et al.;
Frank Netters
illustrations)
Inflammation is a typical
pathological process which arises up
as a reflex to the destroing agent
action. It was made in the
phylogenesis process and has the
protection & adaptation value.
Etiology.
exogenous:
biological
physical
chemical
endogenous:
- the structures of own tissue
and cells
- the metabolisms products
- immune complexes
3
hystion:
morphofunktional unit of connecting
tissue, which includes cellular
elements, fibers, basic matter,
nerves and their completions,
haemomicrocirculation channel and
lymphatic ways
Inflammation Indications
(markers)
Clinical:
temperature;
tumor;
hyperaemia;
pain;
function lose.
Morphological:
Alterations (A):
(primary, secondary);
Exudation (B);
Proliferation (C).
A
B
Pathogeny of
inflammation
Exudation
Alteration
Dystrophy
Microcirculati
on changes
Spasm
Paresis
Marginal
leucocells
placing
Mitosis
Plasma
infiltration
Endoteliocells
activation
Plasmorrhagy
Proliferation
Necrosis
Blood cells
immigration
Leucodiapedesis
Phagocytosis
Completed
Uncompleted
Erythrodiapedesis
Amitosis
Endocytobiosis
6
A
B
Pathogeny of
inflammation
Alteration
Dystrophy
Necrosis
Exudation
Microcirculation
changes
Spasm
Paresis
Marginal
leucocells
placing
Mitosis
Plasma
infiltration
Endoteliocells
activation
Plasmorrhagy
Proliferation
Blood cells
emigration
Leucodiapedesis
Phagocytosis
Completed
Uncompleted
Erythrodiapedesis
Amitosis
Endocytobiosis
7
Reasons of exudation:
a) an increasing of pressure at arterial and
venous hyperemia;
b) increase of vascular wall permeability
under neurohumors act of inflammation,
hydrogen and potassium ions, ATP acid, milk
and other acids;
c) oncotic pressure growthing outside
vessels as a result of disintegration of
albuminous molecules and output of albumin.
mixed.
9
A
B
Pathogeny of
inflammation
Alteration
Dystrophy
Necrosis
Exudation
Microcirculati
on changes
Spasm
Paresis
Marginal
leucocells
placing
Mitosis
Plasma
infiltration
Blood cells
emigration
Endoteliocells
activation
Plasmorrhagy
Proliferation
Leucodiapedesis
Phagocytosis
Completed
Uncompleted
Erythrodiapedesis
Amitosis
Endocytobiosis
10
Periods of Emigration
marginate
penetration is through a vascular wall
motion is in tissue
11
Infiltration types
(and signs)
by polymorphonuclear leucocytes
roundcells
macrophage
(pale-gray infiltration)
eosinofilic
hemorrhagic
(gray-green tint)
(erythrocytes infiltration)
12
A
B
Pathogeny of
inflammation
Alteration
Dystrophy
Necrosis
Exudation
Microcirculati
on changes
Spasm
Paresis
Marginal
leucocells
placing
Mitosis
Plasma
infiltration
Endoteliocells
activation
Plasmorrhagy
Proliferation
Blood cells
immigration
Leucodiapedesis
Phagocytosis
Completed
Uncompleted
Erythrodiapedesis
Amitosis
Endocytobiosis
13
Stages of phagocytosis:
approaching
adhesion
absorption
digestion
14
A
B
Pathogeny of
inflammation
Alteration
Dystrophy
Necrosis
Exudation
Microcirculati
on changes
Spasm
Paresis
Marginal
leucocells
placing
Mitosis
Plasma
infiltration
Endoteliocells
activation
Plasmorrhagy
Proliferation
Blood cells
immigration
Leucodiapedesis
Phagocytosis
Completed
Uncompleted
Erythrodiapedesis
Amitosis
Endocytobiosis
15
Consequences of
inflammation:
a) complete restore;
b) scarring formed;
c) chronic form;
d) death.
16
Classifications of
inflammation:
Etiology: a) banal; b) specific;
Process rate: a) lightning; b) subacute;
c) acute; d) chronic
Process predominance of banal inflamation:
a) exsudative; b) productive.
17
Suppurative inflammation
abscesses
Endotoxemia
circulatory shock.
18
mixed.
19
20
Pseudomembranous enteritis
Serous rhinitis in allergic nasal polyp; note the severe edematous swelling of the stroma (arrow).
Pseudomembranous enteritis (serofibrinous exudate) in small intestine of baby with staphylococcal food poisoning; note the loose
yellowish membranes covering the mucosa (arrow).
20
21
Bronchopneumonia
(hemorrhagic)
22
Bronchopneumonia
(hemorrhagic)
the prominent
extravasation
of
erythrocytes
(arrow)
23
Necrotizing pneumonia,
microscopic view;
tissue (arrow).
24
Chronic
Inflammation
25
Types of productive
(proliferative) inflammation
interstitial (acute or chronic)
with polypus and pointed
kondilom formation
granulomatosic (acute or
chronic)
hyperplastic of lymphoid tissue
Around animal parasites
26
26
Phases of
granulomes
organizing:
Accumulation young
mononuclear;
their transformation into
macrophages;
formation of mature
granulomaes.
27
Granulamatosis inflammation
Unspecific
Specific
Acute
Chronic
Tuberculosis
Syphilis (Luis)
Rheumatism
Syphilis (Luis)
Brucellosis
Leprosy
Tularemia
Rinoscleroma
Sarcoidosis
Glanders
28
Granulomatous (fungal)
pneumonitis, gross (left) and
microscopic (right)
29
30
Granulation
tissue
Granulation tissue (skin wound) preceding repair with fibrosis; note the edematous
stroma with mixed inflammatory infiltration and proliferation of capillaries
(arrow).
31
Fibrosing granulomatous
pneumonitis in
autoimmune disease
(Wegener
granulomatosis)
note the fibrosing granulomas and the
surrounding interstitial lymphocytic infiltration
with progressive fibrosis (arrow).
Chronic atrophic
enteritis
(Crohn's)
with mucosal atrophy in a
patient with Crohn's
disease; note the fibrous
thickening of the
terminal ileum with loss
of mucosal structure
(arrow).
32
33
type II reactive
necrotic
34
35
36
37
38
39
Syphilis
Leprosy
Necrosis
Vasculites
Epitelioid
cells
Necrosis
Epitelioid
cells
Lymphocytes
Solitary
plasmocytes
Gigantic
cells of
Pirohov &
Langans
Epitelioid
cells
Virkhov;s
cells
Fibroblastes
Lymphocytes
Plasmocytes
Multitude
plasmocytes
Gigantic cells
of Pirohov &
Langans
Lymphocytes
40
Glanders
Epitelioid
cells
Granulation
tissue
Plasmocytes
Neutrophyles
Leucocytes
Mikulch
cells
necrosis with
kariorexis
Hyaline
globes
Microabscesses
41
AIDS
Periods:
incubate (asymptomatic carrier)
limphadenopathic syndrome (LAS)
pre AIDS (syndrome which is
associative with AIDS)
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
(AIDS).
42
38
AIDS Syndromes:
lymphatic nodes defeat
injury, which formed at
opportunistic infections
development of malignant tumors.
43
AIDS
stages
Follicular hyperplasia
Diffuse hyperplasia by
angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopatic
type
Lymphoid emaciation
()
.
44
and
there is
the
end
45
Thank you
for
attention!
46