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 ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY

PRESENTED BY
MUHAMMAD IHSAAN

PRESENTED TO

SIR. FAROOQ QAISAR

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 Topic
Elements of data analysis

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 Discussion out line

• Data analysis
• Types of data analysis
• Process of data analysis
• Statistical data analysis
• Practical study
• Conclusion

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 Data analysis

The process of inspection ,cleaning,

transformation and modeling data with
the purpose of highlighting useful
information ,suggesting conclusions and
supporting decision making .

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 Objectives of data analysis

• Data reduction of unwanted data

• Easy presentation

• Time saving

• Data skimming

• To get key information

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 Types of Data Analysis

• Exploratory data analysis

The preliminary data analysis
• Confirmatory data analysis
The analytical data analysis through
statistical inference.
May use information from a closely
related data set or by validating findings
through the gathering and analyzing of
new data.
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 Statistical /Quantitative data Analysis

• Statistical process

Uses statistical tools to analyze, monitor, and

improve process performance

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 Qualitative data analysis

Steps of Qualitative Data Analysis:

• Data transcription
• Organizing data & numbering
• Familiarization
• Initial coding
• Combining and renaming codes
• Re-coding
• Generating & summarizing themes
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 Techniques to Display
and Examine Distributions

• Histograms
– Display all intervals in a distribution, even
without observed values
– Examine the shape of the distribution for
skew ness, the modal pattern

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 Techniques to Display
and Examine Distributions

• Frequency Table

• Visual Displays

• Histograms

• Cross tabulation of Variables

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 Z= X-µ
σ
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 Process of data analysis

• Data cleaning

• Initial data analysis

• Main data analysis

• Final data analysis

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 Practical study

RAFHAN MAIZE PRODUCTS CO. LTD

FAISALABAD
HISTORY:
1957
AFFILIATION:
CORN PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL INC.
USA
PRODUCTS:
DRY STARCH, LIQUID GLUCOSE , ANIMAL
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FEED, CRUDE OIL
 Questionnaire

Q. What kind of analysis tools are used for data

analysis in your organization?
Ans.
statistical and analytical
Q. What is most suitable tool for data analysis
in your opinion?
Ans.
statistical method is most suitable

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 QUASTIONNAIR

Q. What is the importance of data analysis in business

research report of your organization?
Ans.
it has significant importance as it
reduces the length
reduces the time to read
it provides the key information
Q. What is the impact of data analysis on researcher ?
Ans.
It provides researcher the easy representation of
report to the sponsor company.
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