Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
By
Karl E. Case,
Ray C. Fair &
Sharon M. Oster
2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Principles of Economics 9e by Case, Fair and Oster
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Prepared by:
Fernando & Yvonn Quijano
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CHAPTER OUTLINE
Households: Consumption and Labor
Supply Decisions
The Life-Cycle Theory of Consumption
The Labor Supply Decision
Interest Rate Effects on Consumption
Government Effects on Consumption and
Labor Supply: Taxes and Transfers
A Possible Employment Constraint on
Households
A Summary of Household Behavior
The Household Sector Since 1970
Firms: Investment and Employment
Decisions
Expectations and Animal Spirits
Profit Maximization
Excess Labor and Excess Capital Effects
Inventory Investment
A Summary of Firm Behavior
The Firm Sector Since 1970
Productivity and the Business Cycle
The Short-Run Relationship Between
Output and Unemployment
The Size of the Multiplier
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Transfer Payments
Increase
Decrease
Increase
Decrease
Effect on consumption
Negative
Positive
Positive
Negative
Negative*
Positive*
Negative
Positive
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Interest rates
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Housing Problems
Spread to the Rest of
the Economy
Decline in Home Prices
Accelerates: Feds Efforts
Have Only Muted Effect On
Mortgage Rates
Wall Street Journal
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FIGURE 31.4 Labor Force Participation Rates for Men 25 to 54, Women 25 to 54, and All Others
16 and Over, 1970 I2007 IV
Since 1970, the labor force participation rate for prime-age men has been decreasing slightly.
The rate for prime-age women has been increasing dramatically.
The rate for all others 16 and over has been declining since 1979 and shows a tendency to fall during
recessions (the discouraged- worker effect).
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FIGURE 31.7 Inventory Investment of the Firm Sector and the Inventory/Sales Ratio, 1970 I2007 IV
The inventory/sales ratio is the ratio of the firm sectors stock of inventories to the level of sales. Inventory
investment is very volatile.
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accelerator effect
inputs
adjustment costs
inventory investment
animal spirits of
labor-intensive technology
entrepreneurs
capital-intensive technology
Okuns Law
inventories
permanent income
discouraged-worker effect
plant-and-equipment investment
excess capital
excess labor
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