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Abstract:
The Mediterranean, located between Western Asia, Southern Europe and North Africa, is becoming very
polluted. Tourism activities are one of the main reasons for the pollution. Millions of tourists come every
year and their wastes are thrown in the Mediterranean. The governments of the Mediterranean countries
should mediate the negotiation between the environmentalists and the tourism industry, like beach resorts.
France is used as an example of how a balance can be created between having tourism and keeping the
sea clean. The sea resort owners would like the flow of the tourists to continue to make more profit. The
environmentalists would like to stop the pollution no matter the expenses can be. The objective criteria can
be a yearly reduction of pollution in the sea and the expense to produce this reduction. The government
can reward the followers of the agreements by reducing taxes or punish those who violate the agreement
by fines and prison.
II. The Blue Plan, which is a study which would help better understand the nature of the current
problems and changes taking place in the sea in order to reach a good decision. In the Blue
Plan, a number of scenarios have been constructed for the Mediterranean system until the year
2005 (Batisse).
Introduction
The Mediterranean Sea faces threats from many sources of pollution: tourism, oil transportation, and rivers
draining toxic materials into the sea. This sea only renews its water naturally every 80 to 100 years ( The
Mediterranean). Tourism becomes a problem when 80% of the sewage is thrown into the sea. This
contamination of the water makes bathing in some parts of the Mediterranean result in infections of the
body and some diseases like hepatitis. However, many of the Mediterranean countries rely on tourism for
income. The governments of the concerned countries, the environmentalists and the sea resort owners can
negotiate how to maintain the income from industries while keeping the sea as clean as possible. France is
one of the leading Mediterranean countries as she is the most powerful state actor in Mediterranean (M.
Hass 40). France and Italy have the best research capabilities in the Mediterranean (M. Hass 85). France
is currently the top international tourist destination with 75.5 million visits in 2000 ( Matters of scale). In
1972, France also took steps in fighting pollution and had an initiative with Italy that did not succeed ( M.
Hass 88). If France works internally to fight the pollution and succeeds in reducing it, other countries may
take her as an example. France can lead the fight against water pollution.
[3]
Objective Criteria:
III. The Clean Beaches Council, a non-profit organization aiming at beach sustainability, has a
list of criteria for the beaches participating in the national Blue Wave campaign in the year 2003.
These criteria include:
Industrial discharges appropriate to standards to cause minimal negative effects on the
environment and human health
No accumulation of algae and vegetation on the beach
Minimal trash and debris on the beach
Litter control and prevention methods in place
Appropriate handling or removal of stranded or dead marine organisms ( Blue Wave).
These criteria can be long term goals between the environmentalists and the sea resort owners.
Reference:
1) M.Haas, Peter. Saving The Mediterranean. New York: Columbia University press, 1990.
2) "The Mediterranean- A Closed Sea With Open Wounds." 02 Jan. 2006
<www.watchtower.org/library/g/1999/1/8/article_02.tm>.
3) "Blue Wave Criteria." Management Practices and Criteria 200/05 Blue Wave Campaign. Clean
Beaches Council. 05 Feb. 2006 <www.cleanbeaches.org/bluewave/criteria.cfm>.
4) Batisse, Michel . "The blue plan for the Mediterranean." Expanded Academpic ASAP
(nd):pp72(3)- . Thomson Gale. 11 Feb 2006 <http://find.galegroup.com/itx printdoc.do?&prodid=
EAIM&userGr..>.
Options:
The government can reward the followers of the agreements
by :
Tax incentives to relieve the costs of controlling pollution
Fines and prison to punish those who violate the agreement
Investment of increased tax revenues in public pollution
control efforts and the treatment of the wastes
5) "Blue Wave Campaign toughens Criteria." News and Media. May. 2003. Clean Beaches
Council. 04 Feb. 2006 <http://www.cleanbeaches.org/ mediacenter/trueblue
/archives.cfm?vin=2755#story1>.
6) Matters of Scale: September/ October 2001 Travels and Tribulations. World Watch Institute. 11 Feb. 2006
<http://www.worldwatch.org/pubs/mag/2001/145/mos/>.