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The magnitude of physical quantities can be understood only when they are
compared with predetermined reference amounts, called units.
Dimension
Possible unit
L
M
T
F
M / L3
FL/ T
L3
Fundamental dimension
Dimension that can be conveniently and usefully manipulated when
expressing physical quantities of particular field.
Derived dimensions
Combinations of fundamental dimensions.
Example:
Velocity is derived from length and time as
v = (L)(T)-1
Force (using absolute system) is derived from length, mass, and time as
F = (M)(L)(T)-2
L
T
M
MLT-2
LT-1
ML-1T-2
MLT-1
ML2T-2
ML2T-3
ML2T-2
Throughout the world, there are several systems of units in use. The most
common systems of units are International System (SI) and US Customary
System(USCS) .
Unit Name
Length
Mass
Time
Electric current
Thermodynamic
temperature
Amount of substance
Luminous intensity
meter
kilogram
second
ampere
kelvin
mole
candela
Unit
Symbol
m
kg
s
A
K
mol
cd
Unit
Name
Plane angle radian
Solid angle steradian
Unit Symbol
rad
sr
Base unit
s-1
kg.m.s-2
kg.m-1.s-2
kg.m2.s-2
kg.m2.s-3
A.s
W/A*.
A/V*.
V.s*
Wb/A*.
Uppercase
M,kg,s,mol
K,A,Hz,Pa
3. Symbols rather than self-styled abbreviations should be used to
represent units.
Correct
Not correct
amp
s
sec
4. Never add s to symbol to indicate plural
Not correct
56.8 km
56.8km
765 Pa
765Pa
Not correct
Mm,M
K m, F
7. When writing unit names, all letters are lowercase except beginning of
sentence
8. Plurals are used as required when writing unit names,e.g:henries (plural
for henry) except for below units:
- lux, hertz, siemens (same for singular and plural)
Not correct
Meter/second
Not correct
Millimeter squared
Square millimeter
4. Writing products and quotients using symbols, the center dot ( ) and the
slash ( / ) are used respectively.
Correct
N.M for Newton meter
5. When denoting a quotient by unit symbols, any of following methods are
accepted form:
or m/s or ms-1
Numbers
1. To denote decimal poiunt, use period on line. When expressing numbers
less than 1, a zero should be written before decimal marker.E.g: 14.7,
0.03
2. Add space to group or separate digits of 3.
Correct and recommended procedure
6.718 234
78 657
2 456
0.343 81
Since many unit systems have been used around the world, we need to
know how to convert the units from one system to another system.
Some of the important and frequently used conversion factors are
given in the tables below.
English
1 ft
1 lbm
1 lbf
1 slug
1oR
SI
0.3 048 m
0.4 536 kg
4.448 N
14.59 kg
5
9
1 ft = 12 inch
1 mi = 5280 ft
1 slug = 32.2 lbm
1 yd = 3 ft
1 kip = 1000 lbf
1 Btu = 777.65 ft.lbf
Relationships between certain quantities in English system