Automatic Street Light

control using LDR

Compiled by :
Changela Savan
Kavathiya Mit
Loharikar Devang
Zala Ajay

IU124106008
IU124106020
IU124106023
IU124106062

Guided by:Prof. Lalji Katariya

Contents

Planning of Project
Introduction
Circuit Diagram
Hardware Requirement
Description of Hardware
Working
Simulation
Bread-board Mounting
PCB Mounting
Conclusion

Introduction
Many of the people have a phobia of
darkness, so to assist them in such
situation, we have explained a simple
circuit. It will automatically turn on street
light in the way of LEDs or bulb coupled
with relay. Working this circuit is very
much easy and also the power
consumed by the circuit is very low
because of the very few components
used in the circuit.

Circuit diagram

Components:

IC CA3140 1
Resistor R1 (10 K) 1
Resistor R2 (3300 E) 1
Resistor R3 (1 K) 1
Variable Resistor VR1 (10 K) 1
Capacitor C1 (10uF) 1
LDR 1
Transistor T1 (BC548) 1
Relay-1
LED-1

Description of Hardware :
(1) LDR:
Sensitivity

depends
on intensity of light.
Resistance of LDR
decrease with increase
in intensity of light and
vice-versa.

(2) Resistor:
It is a passive component having two terminals that
are used to manage the current flow in the circuit.
A current that flows via a resistor is directly
proportional to the voltage that appeared into resistor.
Two types:
(1) Fixed value resistor
(2) Variable resistor

(3)IC CA3140 :

IC
The

CA 3140 is an operational amplifier can

works on supply voltage 4V to 36V & very

low input current from 10pA to 1mA.
Here, The CA3140 works as a comparator
and gives fast response &high speed.

(4) Relays

Relays is an electrically operated switch.

Current flowing through the coil of the relay
creates a magnetic field which attracts a
lever & changes the switch contacts.
It has 3-pin,4-pin,5-pin etcbut we have
used 5-pin in our circuit diagram.

Relay offers easy way for LED to indicate a

voltage is present at Relay coil.
As no input state,
the COM is connected
To NC & when operating
V is applied to relay coil
Gets energized &COM
Is now with NO.

(5) BC548 Transistor :

It is a general purpose silicon, NPN, bipolar
junction transistor. It is used for amplification &
switching purpose.
Here, for switching purpose it is
biased so that it remains on if
there is signal at its base , otherwise it is completely off.

Working of Automatic Street Light

Controller Switch Circuit:

The working of circuit is very much easy

to understand. In this circuit, we used IC
CA3140 which is basically an operational
amplifier. Pins 2 and 3 of these IC are
used to compare the voltage and give us
the output in return i.e. it works as a
potential divider in its inverting and noninverting inputs (pins 2 and 3).

Cont.

In this LDR and VR1 form one potential

divider which is used to provide a variable
voltage at the inverting input (that is 2) and
the second potential divider is built around
non-inverting input (pin 3) with the help of R1
and R2 which will grant half of the supply
voltage to non inverting pin.

Cont.

As we know property of LDR that during the

time of day resistance is low therefore
voltage at the inverting input ( IE pin 2) is
higher than the voltage at the non-inverting
input (pin3) hence the output at the pin6 is
low so the transistor goes into the cutoff state
which means LED or bulb will not glow.

Cont.

But in dimness or in night we know that

resistance of LDR is high hence voltage at
inverting input pin 2 of the IC CA3140 decreases
than the non inverting input pin 3 as a result
output pin 6 moves to high state which make
transistor to conduct and the LED or bulb
associated to it start simmering.

Simulation (using Proteus):

LDR1

Relay Supply

R1

RL1

U1

10k
7

TORCH_LDR
3

RTE24005F

VCC

R3
1k

4
1
5

Q1

RV1

BC548

CA3140

R2
330

D1

C1

LED-GREEN

10u
10K

GND

GND

Bread-board mounting :

PCB mounting

Advantages:

No man power required.

Simple Construction.
Efficient method.
Less Consumption of electrical energy.
Less maintenance.
Cheap and economical.

Conclusion:

In coming days, this will prove a great boon

to the world, since it will save a lot of
electricity of power plants that gets wasted in
illuminating the street lights. As the
conventional sources are depleting very fast,
then it`s time to think of alternatives.