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Processing
What is NLP?
Applications of NLP
natural
language interfaces to
databases
programs for classifying and retrieving
documents by content
explanation generation for expert
systems
machine translation
advanced word-processing tools
acoustic features
Quantization
Maximum likelihood and related rules
Class conditional density function
Hidden Markov Model Methodology
Details.
Primitive acoustic features are used to
estimate the speech spectrum on the basis of
its statistical properties.
By means of quantization a typical speech
signal can be represented as a sequence of
symbols and can be mapped using statistical
decision rules into a multidimensional
acoustic feature space, thus classifying the
signal.
Maximum Likelihood
Although there is no direct method for computing the
probability of a phonetic unit given its acoustic
features,we can use Bayes rule to estimate the
probability of a phonetic class given its features
from the likelihood of the features given the
class. This method leads to the maximum likelihood
classifier which assigns an unknown vector to that
class whose probability density function conditioned
on the class has the maximum value.
Another variant of the maximum likelihood methodology
is clustering.
may be achieved by
using stochastic context free grammars
It helps in providing degrees of
grammaticality
Naturalness
Structural preference
Error Tolerance
Degrees of grammaticality
Traditional
Structural Preference
Consider the sentence
The emergency crews hate most is domestic
violence.
The correct interpretation is:
The emergency [that the crews hate most] is domestic
violence.
These preferences can be seen more as structural
preferences rather than parsing preferences.
Statistical approaches can easily handle such structural
preferences.
Error Tolerance
A remarkable
property of human
language comprehension is error
tolerance.
Many sentences that the traditional
approach classifies as ungrammatical
can actually be interpreted by statistical
NLP techniques.
Conclusions
Free