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ENGINEERING
INTRODUCTION:
Water and Wastewater Engineering involves the entire water
cycle process, from sourcing of potable water supplies (surface
water and groundwater) to treating and discharging of
wastewater resulting from urban and industrial activities.
Water Supply
The nature of the water source commonly determines the
planning, design, and operation of the collection, treatment,
transmission and distribution works.
The two major sources used to supply community and industrial
needs comes from the surface water and groundwater. Streams,
lakes, and rivers are the surface water sources while groundwater
sources are those from aquifers.
Population and water consumption patterns are the prime
factors that govern the quantity of water required and the source
and the whole composition of water resource system.
Factors that influence water consumption are industrial activity,
meterage and water price, system management, standard of
UMIRAY DIVERSION
DAM (MWSS)
ANGAT RESERVOIR
(NPC)
UMIRAY ANGAT
TUNNEL
NOVALICHES
PORTALS
LA MESA
RESERVOIR
NOVALICHES
DIVERSION WEIR
BYPASS
LMTP 2
30 Deepwells at 27 MLD
INTAKE 1
INTAKE 3
900 MLD
LMTP 1
INTAKE 2
1500 MLD
Maynilad
Maynilad
NOVALICHES
BALARA AQUEDUCTS
BTP 1
470 MLD
BTP 2
1130 MLD
Wastewater
Safe disposal of all human wastes is necessary to protect the
health of the individual, family, and the community, and also to
prevent the occurrence of certain nuisances.
Human wastes must be disposed so that:
1. They will not contaminate any drinking water supply.
2. They will not give rise to a public health hazard by being
accessible to insects, rodents, or other possible carriers
that may come into contact with food or drinking water.
3. They will not give rise to a public health hazard by being
accessible to children.
4. They will not pollute or contaminate the waters of any
bathing beach or stream used for public and domestic
water-supply purposes or recreational purposes.
5. They will not give rise to a nuisance due to odor or
unsightly appearance.
6. They will not cause violation of laws or regulations
governing water pollution or sewage disposal.
Wastewater Management
System
Source: MWSI
ESTERO BLITZ
I
Massive Clean Up/
Dredging of Waterways
Estero Blitz II
Estero Blitz II
Estero Blitz II
Estero de Valencia
Sta. Mesa, Manila
Estero de Vitas
Tondo, Manila
Before
After
Before
After
BEFORE
AFTER
Treatment Plant
Laying of Pipelines
Required
Hydraulic
Gradient-
line
defining
the
Standpipes
and disposal of
all the physical
and disposal of
conveyed by a
sewer and may include domestic and industrial discharges as well
as storm sewage, infiltration, and inflow.
Sources of Sewage (nos. 4-8)
4. Domestic or Sanitary Sewage- originates in the sanitary
conveniences of dwellings, commercial facilities and institutions.
5. Industrial Wastewater- includes the liquid discharges from
industrial processes such as manufacturing and food processing.
6. Storm Sewage- flow derived from rainfall events and
deliberately introduced into sewers intended for conveyance.
7. Infiltration- water which enters the sewers from the ground
through leaks.
Sewerage Works
Combined Sewer
System
8. Inflow- water which enters the sewers from the surface during
rainfall events, through flaws in the system.
General Types of Sewers (nos. 10-12)
9. Sewer- is a pipe or conduit, generally closed but normally not
flowing full, which carries sewage.
10. Sanitary Sewer- carries sanitary sewage and is designed to
exclude storm sewage, infiltration, and inflow. Industrial wastes
may be carried in sanitary sewers depending upon its
characteristics.
11. Storm Sewer- carries storm sewage and any other wastes
which may be discharged into the streets or onto the surface of
the ground.
12. Combined Sewer- carries both domestic and storm sewage.
13. Combined System- sewer system composed of combined
sewers.
14. Separate System- sewer system that segregates storm water
from domestic.
Intercepting Sewers
Relief Sewer
Sewer Outfall