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nucleocapsid
Virion
envelope
enveloped
virus
capsomeres
avirion
Nucleocapsid
(anucleocapsidwithout
agenomeisacapsid)
processing
translation
Building Block
DNA
Nucleotides
RNA
Nucleotides
Protein
Amino Acids
Lipid
Fatty Acids
Carbohydrate Sugars
Major Function
Hereditary
Material
Protein
Synthesis
Cell Structure
and Function
Membrane
Component
Energy
Production
ASAM NUKLEAT
DNA dan RNA
Polimer/Polinukleotida
Monomer
: nukleotida
Komponen : gula, fosfat, basa
DNA
Tulang punggung :
Fosfat-gula
Basa dalam untai
Antiparalel
Polaritas :
53 vs 35
Komplemen :
Pasangan basa
(C=O dan N-H basa
antar polinukleotida)
Ikatan fosfodiester
(antar nukleotida)
DNA:
2 long polynucleotide chains = strands
Each strand = sugar-phosphate backbone
held together by covalent bonds
2 chains held together by H bonds between
the nitrogenous bases
4 bases A, G, C, T
Strands have a chemical polarity 5 and 3
ends
covalent bonds
H bonds
polarity;
antiparallel
= is wider
10 nucleotides per
helical turn = 34
Nucleotides
nucleotides are the building
blocks of nucleic acids
ribose + base + 5' phosphate
5 different bases
adenine (A)
guanine (G)
cytosine (C)
thymine (T)
uracil (U)
DNA
thymine (T)
double
stranded
vs
RNA
2' oxygen
uracil (U)
single
stranded
Basa
N
Gula
ribosa
Nucleic Acid
Structure
nucleic acids are polymers
of nucleotides
nucleotides linked through
phosphate bonds
strand has polarity5'-PO4
and 3'-OH ends
order of the nucleotides
defines a sequence
4 letter alphabet
Purin
Pirimidin
Double
Strands
specific base pairing
A and T
G and C
hydrogen bonds
anti-parallel (5'-3')
complementary strands
template for synthesis
Chromosome
Replication
DNA Replication
the DNA strands are separated
each strand serves as template
complementary strands are
synthesized (5'3')
yields 2 identical DNA molecules
semi-conservative replication
REPLIKASI DNA
DNA Polymerase
Activity
'replication fork' moves
along DNA
leading strand
lagging strand
numerous replication
forks act simultaneously
REPLIKASI DNA
TRANSLASI RNA
Chromosomes
genomic DNA is very long
humans, 6 x 109 bp
~1.8 meters total length
total length reduced via
associates with proteins
individual DNA molecules
condensed into chromosomes
humans have 22 pairs + X/X
or X/Y (ie, diploid)
Mitosis
DNA synthesis
chromosomal duplication
separation of sister chromatids
cell division (cytokinesis) results
in 2 identical daughter cells
somatic cell reproduction
asexual process
sexual reproduction involves
germ line cells
oogenesis (egg formation)
spermatogenesis (sperm formation)
Meiosis
two consecutive rounds of
cell division
meiosis I
DNA replication (2n4n)
separation of chromosome
pairs (4n2n)
meiosis II
no DNA replication
separation of chromatids
(2n1n)
fertilization (1n2n)
Recombination
independent chromosome
assortment
2n possible variants
'crossing-over'
recombination between
homologous chromosomes
at least once per
chromosome pair
positions ~ random