GUIDE AND TIPS TO

EFFICIENT AND
ECONOMICAL AIR
CONDITIONING

What is 'Air Conditioning'?

Air Conditioning is the simultaneous control
of Temperature, Humidity, Motion & Purity
of the atmosphere in confined Space.

What are the Requirements of

comfort Air Conditioning?

Supply of Oxygen & removal of Carbon-dioxide.

Removal Of heat dissipated by the occupants.
Removal of moisture dissipated by the
occupants.
To provide sufficient air movement & air
distribution in the confined space.
To maintain the purity of air by removing odour
& dust

What is Air Conditioning load?

Any heat generated with in the space to be
air-conditioned forms a load on the air
conditioning system.

Examples: Occupants, Lights, Fans,

Photocopier, Stabilizers, Computers, TV's
etc.., Heat also enters the enclosed space
from outside through walls, glass windows,
roof, open doors, etc.

What are the types of Air

Conditioning?

Summer Air Conditioning - To reduce the heat &

moisture Content of the air by cooling Dehumidification.

Winter Air Conditioning - To increase the heat &

moisture content of air by heating
Humidification

Year Round Air Conditioning - To control

temperature & moisture content of the air
throughout the year as per the climatic
changes.

What are the types of Air

Conditioning systems?

Unitary air Conditioning Systems

Window Air Conditioner

Split Air Conditioner

Central Air Conditioning Systems

Package Unit

Central Plants

What is meant by Ton of

Refrigeration (TR)?
Ton of refrigeration is the amount of heat
removed to convert 1000Kgs of water at '
zero' degrees Celsius into Ice in 24 hrs. In
other words.
One Ton of refrigeration is the capacity to
remove 3000 Kilo Calories (12,000 Btu) of
heat per hour from the conditioned space.

What is BTU?
The British Thermal Unit (BTU) is defined
as the amount of heat required to raise or
lower one pound of water to one degree
Fahrenheit

What is Kilo Calorie?

It is the amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of 1000 grams of water
by 1 degree C.

What is Comfort Air-Conditioning?

1. Temperature :- 24 + 2 Degree Celsius
DBT. (Dry Bulb Temp)

2. RH :- 50 + 10% RH. (Relative Humidity)

Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT), Wet

Bulb Temperature (WBT), and
Relative Humidity (RH)?
Dry Bulb Temperature: The temperature
of air measured by ordinary
thermometer is known as Dry Bulb
Temperature.

 Wet Bulb Temperature: The temperature

measured by the thermometer when its
bulb is covered with Wet Cloth & exposed
to airflow is known as Wet Bulb
Temperature. When the difference
between DBT and WBT is Zero, the air
becomes fully saturated (100 % RH).

 Relative Humidity : The relative humidity is

defined as the ratio of actual mass

of water vapour in a given volume to the
mass of water vapour if the air is saturated
at the same temperature. RH = Mass of the
water vapour actually present in a volume
of air at T degree C. Mass of the water
vapour required to saturate the same
volume of air at T degree C .

Functions of various components

used in an air conditioner
Thermostat - Its function is to controls the room
temperature as per the settings by cutting in &
off the compressor.

Rotary switch - It is through the rotary switch the

desired mode of operation is selected (i.e.) Off,
Fan, Super quiet, Normal, High cool etc.
Running Capacitor - The Function of running
capacitor is to store the current & thereby
maintain constant supply of current to the
compressor.

Functions of various components

used in an air conditioner
Starting Capacitor - The function of starting
capacitor is to increase the starting torque of the
compressor.
Starting relay - The function of starting relay is to
disconnect the starting capacitor from the circuit
as soon as the compressor reaches the rated
speed.
Fan Blower - The function of starting relay is to
disconnect the starting capacitor from the circuit
as soon as the compressor reaches the rated
speed.

Functions of various components

used in an air conditioner
Condenser Fan Blade - It sucks the atmospheric air
through sides of the outer cabinet and the same is
made to pass through the condenser to take the heat
from the refrigerant flowing through it.
Fan Motor - It rotates the condenser fan blade and
blower for handling the air at condenser and
evaporator side. In case of split air conditioner two fan
motors are used. (One at the condensing unit and the
other at the evaporator unit)
Oscillation Motor - This helps to circulate the cold air
uniformly into the room with the help of the oscillation
louvers.

Why water drips from an Air

Conditioner?
It is due to the condensation of moisture
present in the room air

Where split air conditioners can be

installed?
It can be installed where window AC's cannot
be installed.

It can be installed in places where the

aesthetics is the first priority.

It can be installed in places where the noise

level is to be minimum.

Does an AC require any

accessory?
Considering the voltage fluctuations in
most parts of Pakistan, a voltage stabilizer
is recommended wherever there are
drastic fluctuations in power.

Tips to prepare an office for

efficient air conditioning?
Minimize the entry of sun's heat into the

conditioned space.
Prevent leakage of cooled air to the outside.
Insulating exposed roof.
Using sun film, curtains or Venetian blinds on
doors /windows.
All corners & edges around joinery (doors &
windows) are sealed airtight
Doors and windows closed perfectly
Door closers are fitted on the doors that are
used frequently.
Opening of doors & windows minimized

Other Tips
Use the correct voltage. Using voltage other than
that specified will damage the unit. Or install a
voltage stabiliser.

Check the power plug. If the power plug is not

inserted tightly or if there is

any damage to the power cord, it could result in
leakage or electrical shock.

Use only correct fuses of the proper amperage. If

using rewirable fuse, use only the correct fuse
wire as fire or an electrical hazard may occur.

Other Tips
Do not put hands or objects into the discharge grille of

the unit. These units have a fan running at high speed.

It is very dangerous to touch the fan.

When unplugging the power plug, do not pull it by

power cord. The power cord can be damaged and

cause electrical shock.

Keep heat sources away from the unit; high

temperatures can cause damage.

Set a comfortable temperature. Very low temperature

setting considerably increases power consumption.

Other Tips
In summer, prevent direct sunlight from entering
the room; draw curtains or blinds

Do not obstruct the front discharge grille of either

side of the units. This will decrease air-flow,
reduce the cooling effect and result in unit
malfunction.

Do not use flammable sprays near the unit. The

unit can be damaged by petrol, thinners and other

chemical agents.

How to reduce power consumption

while maximizing comfort?
These economy tips can help maximize comfort
and reduce power consumption.

Set thermostat to a setting consistent with the

comfort level you desire. Once you have
determined the setting, do not change.

Keep the filter clean. Normally, cleaning once

every month should be adequate but depending

upon the environment, more frequent cleaning
may be necessary. The filter is efficient in
trapping airborne particles and on inspection
may reveal the need for cleaning.

How to reduce power consumption

while maximizing comfort?
Use drapes, shades, Venetian blinds etc. to

prevent direct sunlight from heating the room.

Keep doors and windows properly shut.

Do not block the front of the unit with furniture or
other articles.

Remember: Even without the above, your air

conditioner is designed to be highly energy
efficient.

Operating Considerations
Most of the domestic split units are designed to operate
with a power supply of 230 Volts; 50 Hz; single phase.

Supply voltage should be within 187 to 235 Volts. In

case there is variation beyond this range, a voltage
stabilizer is required to be used.

Condensation on grille may occur on busy humid days.

Keep doors and windows properly closed to prevent
outside humid air from entering the room.

Most domestic air conditioners are designed to operate

up to 46C outside temperature, provided the room
temperature does not exceed 27C. However, the
capacity is rated at 35C outdoor temperature and
27Croom temperature.

Care and Maintenance Tips

Cleaning the Filter: Before cleaning the air
filter, turn the air conditioner off. A clogged
filter could result in reduced cooling, frost
on evaporator coil or tripping of the unit.
Take a few minutes every month (more
often if necessary) to clean the filters.

To remove the filter, hold the filter frame

as shown in the sketch and pull downward.

The filter will slide out.

Care and Maintenance Tips

Clean the filter using a vacuum cleaner or in tap
water. Shake the filter dry. Slide it back into the
front grille, till it clicks in place.

Cleaning the Unit: Clean the unit periodically to

keep it looking new using a soft cloth dampened
with mild detergent ('Teepol' is the
recommended detergent). Thereafter, wipe clean
with a dry cloth.

When to clean the filter?

Filter change would depend on the usage,
pollutant present in the environment etc.

Its ideal to clean the filter once every

fortnight in running water under normal
environmental conditions.

When to change the filter?

Ideally a filter should last for
2400 running hours

Care and Maintenance Tips

Precautions:
Do not use bleaching powder, hot water, thinner,
petrol or any other chemical for cleaning. This will
damage the unit. Use only a damp, soapy towel.
Do not wash or pour water onto the unit to avoid
serious electrical shock. Do not use abrasive power
resulting in damage of the unit.
Turn the main switch off before cleaning.
Avoid continuous direct airflow on occupants
particularly in case of infants and patients.
When not in use, switch off the electric supply to the
unit.

Operating Considerations for

Indoor High Wall Unit

The air conditioner will not operate if curtains, doors or

other materials block the signals from the remote
controller to unit.

If the infra-red signal receiver on the unit is exposed to

direct sunlight, the air conditioner may not work
properly. Draw the curtains to avoid direct sunlight.

Avoid spilling liquid on to the remote control or dropping

it. This can cause deformation, discoloration and
malfunction.

A mounting bracket for the remote control is normally

supplied with the unit. Install the mounting bracket on
the wall 30-cm below the receiver of the unit.

More Safety Tips

Use the correct voltage. Using voltage other than that
specified will damage the unit.

Do not use the power cord as a means of turning off the

unit.

Do not use flammable sprays near the unit.

When unplugging the power plug, do not pull it by the
power cord.

To avoid the risk of serious electrical shock, never splash

the indoor and the outdoor unit with water.

More Safety Tips

Do not put hands or objects into the discharge grille of the
outdoor unit. These units have a fan running at very high
speed. It is very dangerous to touch the fan.

Use only fuses of the proper amperage.

Be careful to keep the room temperature comfortable.
Avoid continuous direct air-flow on the occupant,
especially in case of those sleeping or an occupant.

Do not obstruct the front of the discharge grille of both

units. This will block air flow, reduce the cooling effect,
and may result in malfunction.

More Safety Tips

Ventilate the room air when the room becomes

stuffy or filled with undesirable odours.

Keep heat sources away from the unit. High
temperatures can cause damage.
Set a comfortable temperature. Very low
temperature settings considerably increase
power consumption.
If you want to merely circulate room air, operate
the FAN mode.
Use the timer correctly to maintain comfort
conditions.

How important is good installation

for energy-efficiency?
It is very important that good installation

methods are adopted for proper working of

air conditioner.

For window air conditioner it is necessary to

check that there is no air leakage through the

wooden framework.

Sufficient clearance around the unit should

be there as shown in next slide:

INSTALLATION
Window Air Conditioners

INSTALLATION
SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
Indoor Unit

INSTALLATION
Out door unit

Normal Installation Errors

In window A/Cs, leakage around the
framework

In splits, improper insulation , brazing and

too many bends.
Hence ensure that installation is done by
an authorized service technician only.

What should be the length of the

interconnecting pipes?
Interconnecting pipes should not exceed limits

prescribed by the equipment design.

Exceeding limits would lead to drop in refrigerant
pressure and consequent drop in cooling
capacity.
Extra charging of gas to compensate for long
tubing can lead to liquid refrigerant entering into
the compressor
Compressor oil may not return to the compressor
leading to damage. It is better to avoid an oil
drop over 7.5 ft in the suction line so that the oil
returns to the compressor along with return gas.

Permissible distance between

Indoor & Outdoor split A/C units
The maximum permissible limit is that the total
length of the pipe can be around 20 m and the
level difference can be to an height of 8 m.
For optimum cooling, the indoor unit should be
as close as possible to the out door unit and at
the same level.
Max length (L) should be 20 meters (66feet)
Max Height difference (H) should be 8 meters
(26feet)