Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Sedimentation
Jae K. (Jim) Park, Professor
Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Primary Sedimentation
Objective: To remove settleable organic solids in large basins
under relatively quiescent conditions
Removal efficiency
BOD : 30~40%
5
TSS: 50~70%
Settled solids: collected by mechanical scrapers into a hopper,
from which they are pumped to a sludge-processing area.
Oil, grease, and other floating materials: skimmed from the
surface
Effluent: discharged over weirs into a collection trough
Types of primary sedimentation tanks
Stacked or two-tray
Horizontal flow
Proprietary
Solids contact
Inclined surface
Horizontal Flow
Advantages
Occupy less land area when multiple units are used
Provide economy by using common walls for multiple units
Easier to cover the units for odor control
Provide longer travel distance for settling to occur
Less short-circuiting
Lower inlet-outlet losses
Less power consumption for sludge collection and removal
mechanisms
Disadvantages
Possible dead spaces
Sensitive to flow surges
Restricted in width by collection equipment
Require multiple weirs to maintain low weir loading rates
High upkeep and maintenance costs of sprockets, chain, and
flights used for sludge removal
Manual scum
removal system
Cross section
Horizontal
Flow
Sedimentation
Tanks
V-notched
overflow weirs
Horizontal Flow
- continued
Horizontal flow
circular clarifier
Too low
Potential maintenance
problem during cleaning
Solids Contact
Solids-Contact
Clarifier
Inclined Surface
Lamella
Settlers
Design Factors
1 m3/m2day =
24.5424 gal/ft2day
Influent Structures
Conveyor Chain
One endless chain is connected to a shaft and a drive unit.
Linear conveyor speed is 0.3~1 m/min for primary and 0.3
P. Gear box
Q. Baffles
R. Flights (fiberglass or
wood)
S. Weirs
T. Scum pipe
Vacuum
Sludge
Removal
Scum Collection
and Removal
Arrangements
Information Checklist
Average and peak design flows including the returned flows
Design Calculations
Design criteria
1. Two rectangular units shall be designed for independent operation.
Allow for a bypass to secondary treatment process when one unit
is out of service.
2. Overflow rate and detention times shall be based on an average
design flow of 0.44 m3/sec (10 MGD).
3. The overflow rate shall be < 36 m3/m2day at average design flow.
4. The detention time shall be > 1.5 hrs at average design flow.
5. The influent structure shall be designed to prevent short circuiting
and reduce turbulence. The influent channel shall have a velocity
< 0.35 m/sec at design peak flow (0.661 m3/sec through each
basin).
6. All sidestreams shall be returned to aeration basins.
7. The weir loading shall be < 186 m3/mday at average design flow
and < 372 m3/mday at design peak flow.
8. The launder and outlet channels shall be designed at the peak
design flow of 1.321 m3/sec (0.661 m3/sec through each basin).
9. The average liquid depth in the basin shall be > 3 m.
10.The slope of the tank bottom shall be 1.35% (1~2% in slide #33).
in each
0.331 m 3 /sec
2
2
channel
0.331 m /sec 4
z h L
0.07 m
2
2
0.6 (0.34 m) 2 9.81 m/sec
See slide #48
Weir Arrangement
d
g
b
g
d
c
c
c
c
c
d c
b
g
2/3
2/3
0.661 m /sec
0.5 m
Values given by
designer
Section AA
In slide #53,
8 cm - 5 cm = 3 cm
Thus,
1.45 m + 0.03 m = 1.48 m
Section CC
Weir Trough
(Launder)
Section BB
Outlet Channel
4.02 m
0.91 m
0.54 m =
= 4.02 m 0.91 m
2
q'
L
N
2
0
.33
2
y1 y 22
0.54
0.64 m
2
2
gb y 2
9.81 0.6 0.54
2
Specifications
General
Include a complete assembly of a sludge
collector mechanism with drive and collector
chains with flights, access bridge and walkway,
influent and effluent structures, pumping
facilities, and overload alarm system.
Dimensions: # of basins (identical basins with
common wall), Length, width, side wall depth
(SWD) at effluent end, influent end, and mid
length, bottom slope, free board, etc.
Specifications - continued
Materials and Fabrication
Conform to proper ASTM standards. The min.
thickness of all submerged metal shall not be <
0.64 mm (1/5 in) and of all-above water metal
4.8 mm (3/16 in). Conform to all American
Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) standards
for structural steel buildings.
Collectors
Provide two longitudinal collectors and one
cross-collector in each basin
Dimensions, numbers, and materials of flights,
sprocket wheels, scrapers, chains, etc.
Specifications - continued
Drive Unit
Consists of a gear motor, gear reducer, drive base,
shear pin coupling, overload alarm device, and
drive sprocket and chain
Motor and gear detailed specifications
Sludge Pump
Self-priming, centrifugal, and nonclogging,
pumping rate, etc.
Effluent Weir
V-notch weir and effluent box dimensions, scum
removal, etc.
Skimmer
Hand-operated adjustable scum trough
Painting
Primed and painted with approved paint or epoxy